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1、課程提綱課程名稱：語言學概論任課教師：孟智君課程性質：院考試課學分：4教材：《新編簡明英語語言學教程》Chapter4.Syntax1.Whatissyntax?◆Syntax(句法學)isabranchoflinguisticsthatstudieshowwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesandtherulesthatgoverntheformationofsentences.◆Thestudyoftheinterrelationshipbetweensententialelements.2.Transfor
2、mationalGenerativeGrammar(TG,轉換生成語法)NoamChomsky◆NoamChomsky,themostinfluentiallinguistin20thcentury,someimportantworksarethefollowing:◇SyntacticStructure(1957)◇AspectsoftheTheoryofSyntax(1965)◇LecturesonGovernmentandBinding(1981)◇Barriers(1986)◇AMinimalistProgramforLingui
3、sticTheory(1993)◇TheMinimalistProgram(1995)◇TheMinimalistInquiry:TheFramework(1998)◆Criteriaongoodgrammar⒈Observationaladequacy⒉Descriptiveadequacy⒊Explanatoryadequacy⒋Theultimategoalforanytheoryistoexplain★TGdiffersfromtraditionalgrammarinthatitnotonlyaimsatlanguagedescr
4、iption,butalsoitsexplanation.◆Chomskyismuchmoreinterestedinthesimilarities(languageuniversals)betweenlanguagesratherthantheirdifferences.◇Linguistsshouldattempttofindagrammaticalframeworkwhichwillbesuitableforalllanguages.◇Linguistsshouldconcentrateontheelementsandconstru
5、ctionsthatareavailabletoalllanguagesratherthanonelementsthatactuallyoccurinalllanguages.◇Therearelikelytobeuniversalconstraintsonthewayslinguisticelementsarecombined.◇Chomskyproposedthatthegrammarsofhumanlanguagesshareacommonframework(UniversalGrammar).3.Categories語言學概論4－
6、7◆Category(範疇)referstoagroupoflinguisticitemswhichfulfillthesameorsimilarfunctionsinaparticularlanguagesuchasasentence,anounphraseoraverb.◆Themostcentralcategoriestothesyntacticstudyaretheword-levelcategories(traditionally,partsofspeech)◆Eightcategoriesintraditionalgramma
7、r:⒈noun(N)⒉pronoun(Pron)⒊verb(V)⒋adjective(Adj)⒌adverb(Adv)⒍article(Art)⒎preposition(Prep)⒏conjunction(Conj)◆Thenon-traditionalcategoriesadded:⒐determiner(Det,限定詞)⒑degreeword(Deg,程度詞)⒒qualifier(Qual,修飾詞)⒓auxiliary(Aux,助動詞)◆Twokindsofword-levelcategories:◇Majorlexicalcateg
8、ories:N,V,A,P.◇Minorlexicalcategories:Det,Deg,Qual,Aux,Con.★Difference—Majorlexicalcategoriesare
