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1、Romanticism(music)Inmusic,theperiodfromabout1810toaround1910–thatis,aftertheclassicalperiod.Classicalcomposershadtriedtocreateabalancebetweenexpressionandformalstructure;Romanticcomposersalteredthisbalancebyapplyingmorefreedomtotheformandstructureoftheirmusic,andusingdeeper,moreinte
2、nseexpressionsofmoods,feelings,andemotions.Anincreasedinterestinliterature,nature,thesupernatural,andlove,alongwithnationalisticfeelingsandtheideaofthemusicianasvisionaryartistandhero(virtuoso)alladdedtothedevelopmentofRomanticism.Themovementreacheditsheightinthelate19thcentury,asin
3、theworksofRobertSchumannandRichardWagner.Withtheemphasisonimaginationandvision,theformalstructurewasstretchedtoaccommodateawiderrangeofkeysandsuddenchangesbetweenthem,anddynamicandinstrumentaltimbreswerealsoused.Harmoniesbecamericher,dissonancewasmorefreelyused,andmodulationplayedam
4、oreimportantrole.FantasyandimaginationwereimportanttotheRomanticstyle.Composerswereoftenwidelyreadandwereinspiredbypoems,novels,plays,andpaintings.Therewasalargeincreaseintheorchestraatthistime,bothinthenumberofinstrumentsandintheirrangeofpitchesandtimbres.Thesymphony,concerto,andop
5、erawereallwrittenonalargerscaleandaninterestinprogrammemusicledtothedevelopmentofanewmusicalform,thesymphonicpoem.Attheoppositeendofthescale,composersalsowroteextended,virtuosicworksforjustoneortwomusicians.Theseincludedmuchworkforpiano(whichwasafavouriteinstrument),andalargenumbero
6、fsongs.Virtuosoinstrumentalplayerswerebecomingincreasinglypopularandthevirtuosocomposer-performerwasamuchadmiredmusician.GreatexamplesoftheseareNiccolòPaganiniandFranzLiszt.AstrongmovetowardsnationalismdevelopedascomposersreactedagainstthepowerfulGermaninfluencesbydevelopingamusical
7、stylethatexpressedthecharacteristicsoftheirowncountry.Theydidthisbyincludingtunesfromtheirnation'sfolkmusic,andtakingscenesfromtheircountry'shistory,legends,andfolktales,asabasisfortheircompositions.RomanticMusic(1850-1900)Thewordromanticismwasfirstusedtodescribenewideasinpaintingan
8、dliterature,towards
