电量外文翻译

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1、附件2：外文原文BatteryFuelGauges:AccuratelyMeasuringChargeLevelAbstract:Batteryfuelgaugesdeterminetheamountofchargeremaininginasecondarybatteryandhowmuchlonger(underspecificoperatingconditions)thebatterycancontinueprovidingpower.Thisapplicationnotediscussesthechalleng

2、espresentedinmeasuringthechargeremaininginalithium-ionbatteryandthedifferentmethodsofimplementingafuelgaugetoaddressthesechallenges.IntroductionSincetheadventofthemobilephone,chargeablebatteriesandtheirassociatedfuel-gaugeindicatorshavebecomeanintegralpartofour

3、informationandcommunicationsociety.Theyarejustasimportanttousnowasautomotivefuelgaugeshavebeenforthepast100years.Yet,whiledriversdonottolerateinaccuratefuelgauges,mobile-phoneusersareoftenexpectedtolivewithhighlyinaccurate,low-resolutionindicators.Thisarticledi

4、scussesthevariousimpedimentstoaccuratelymeasuringchargelevelsanddescribeshowdesignerscanimplementaccuratefuelgaugingintheirbattery-poweredapplications.Lithium-IonBatteriesLithium-ionbatterieshaveonlybeeninmassproductionsinceabout1997,followingtheresolutionofvar

5、ioustechnicalproblemsduringtheirdevelopment.Becausetheyofferthehighestenergydensitywithrespecttovolumeandweight(Figure1),theyareusedinsystemsrangingfrommobilephonestoelectriccars.Figure1.Theenergydensitiesofvariousbatterytypes.Lithiumcellsalsohavespecificcharac

6、teristicsthatareimportantfordeterminingtheirchargelevel.Alithiumbatterypackmustincludevarioussafetymechanismstopreventthebatteryfrombeingovercharged,deeplydischarged,orreverseconnected.Becausethehighlyreactivelithiumcanposeanexplosionhazard,lithiumbatteriesmust

7、notbeexposedtohightemperatures.TheanodeofanLi-ionbatteryismadefromagraphitecompound,andthecathodeismadeofmetaloxideswithlithiumaddedinawaythatminimizesdisruptionofthelatticestructure.Thisprocessiscalledintercalation.Becauselithiumreactsstronglywithwater,lithium

8、batteriesareconstructedwithnon-liquidelectrolytesoforganiclithiumsalts.Whenchargingalithiumbattery,thelithiumatomsareionizedinthecathodeandtransportedthroughtheelectrolyteto