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1、UlyssesS.GrantandRobertE.LeeCommandersoftheUnionandConfederateArmiesUlyssesS.GrantUlyssesS.GrantwasnotaswellknownatthestartoftheCivilWarasRobertE.Leebutprovedtobejustasvaluableduringthewar.GrantwasaWestPointgraduate,andhisrecordintheMexicanWarwasgood.ButwhentheCivilWarbrokeout,Grant
2、wasacivilian.Hewasworkinginhisbrother’sleather-goodsstoreinIllinois.Hethoughtofhimselfasafailure,“stuckinthemud,”washedupat40.Whenhetriedtorejointhearmyin1861,hehadtobegforajob.Finallyhewasmadeacolonel.Northerneragainstretreat.Asasoldier,Grantbelieved,“Whenindoubt,fight.”Andhedidfig
3、ht.Hewonfamefordemandingunconditional(complete)surrenderfromtheSoutherncommandershewasfighting.Infact,peopleintheNorthbegansayingGrant’sinitials,“U.S.,”stoodfor“UnconditionalSurrender.”Inbattle,Grantwastoughandhard.Hewasnot“aretreatingman.”Ascannonsroared,hesometimescarvedwoodorsmok
4、edbigcigars.Sometimeshetookadrink.SoonGrantwasmadeageneral.HebecamealeadingfigureofthewarintheWest.In1863hecapturedthecityofVicksburg,Mississippi.Hestarvedthecityintosurrender.Grant’svictoryatVicksburgcamethesamedayasLee’sretreatfromGettysburg.WithVicksburginUnionhands,theNorthhadco
5、ntrolofshippingontheMississippiRiver.Lincolnhadsearchedforawinningcommanderfortwoyears.Sixtopgeneralshadcomeandgone.NoneofthemhadmadegreatheadwayagainsttheSouth.ButnowtherewasUlysses.S.Grant.“Grantismyman,”Lincolnsaid.“HepoundedVicksburg-andwon.Hefights!”EarlyinMarch1864,Grantwascal
6、ledtotheWhiteHouse.TherehemetLincolnforthefirsttime.Grantdidn’tlookmuchlikeageneral.Hedidn’tevenlooklikeasoldier.Hewassloppyinhisdressuniform.Hedidn’tstandstraight,thewayageneralshould.Andhehadarough,untidybeard.Buthisblueeyeswerebrightandcold.Afewdayslater,LincolnpromotedGranttothe
7、highestrankinthearmy.Otherofficersgrumbled.SomesaidthatGrantdranktoomuch.ButLincolndidn’tcare.HesaidthatGrantwasthemanheneeded.Grantwasafraidofnoone,notevenRobertE.Lee.WhenGrantbecamecommanderoftheUnionarmies,heattackedwithoutletup.Helost50,000men,alltold.Somepeoplecalledhima“butche
8、r.”Thishurthim,buth
