中国股市和美国股市镜像关系的实证研究10

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1、Chapter12Power&Politics§12.1Powerpower&leadershiparecloselyintertwined,leadersusepowerasameansofattaininggoals.Differences--1.goalcompatibilitybetweenleaders&theled;2.directionofinfluence;3.researchemphasis,style;tacticsforgainingcompliance1.DefinitionTheabilitytogetothe

2、rstodosth.Theywouldnotdooutoftheirself-interestAcapacitythatAhastoinfluencethebehaviorofBsothatBdoesthingsheorshewouldnototherwisedoimplication:1.apotentialthatneedn’tbeactualizedtobeeffective;2.adependencyrelationship;3.Bhasdiscretionoverhisownbehaviordependency:B’srela

3、tionshiptoAwhenApossessessth.ThatBrequires2.Base(sources)ofPower5categoryclassificationschemebyFrench&RavenCoercive:beingdependentonfear--thenegativeresultduetoapplicationreward:complianceachievedbasedontheabilitytodistributerewardsthatothersviewsasvaluablelegitimate:the

4、powerreceivedasaresultofhispositionintheformalhierarchyofanorganizationexpert:influencebasedonspecialskillsorknowledgereferent:--possessionbyanindividualofdesirableresourceorpersonaltraits.Outofadmiration3.ThekeytopowerGeneralpostulate:thegreatB’sdependencyonA,thegreatth

5、epowerAhasoverBdependencyincreaseswhentheresourceyoucontrolisimportant,scarce,&nonsubstitutableimportance:whocanabsorbanorganization’suncertaintywillbeperceivedasimportantscarcity:aresourceneedstobeperceivedasscarcenonsubstitutability:elasticityofpower:therelativerespons

6、ivenessofpowertochangesinavailablealternative4.IdentifywherethepowerisAtthedepartmentlevel:theproportionoftop-levelmanagers’coming;representativesoncross-functionalteams&committee;salarycomparisonatthesamelevel;comparisonoftheaveragesizeofofficesforpeople;relativesizegro

7、wth,promotionrateAttheindividuallevel:theabilitytointercedefavorablyonbehalfofsomeoneintrouble;togetapprovalforextraexpenditure;getagendaatmajormeetings,getfastaccesstotopD-M.5.PowertacticswaysinwhichpowerholdertranslatepowerbasisintospecificactionsReason:logicalorration

8、alpresentationfriendliness:useofflattery,creationofgoodwill,actinghumble,friendlypriortomakingarequestc