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1、Thetablebelowshowstheamountofwasteproduction(inmillionsoftones)insixdifferentcountriesoveratwenty-yearperiod.Thechartcomparestheamountsofwastethatwereproducedinsixcountriesintheyears1980,1990and2000.Ineachoftheseyears,theUSproducedmorewastethanIreland,Japan,Korea,PolandandPortugalcombined.Itis
2、alsonoticeablethatKoreawastheonlycountrythatmanagedtoreduceitswasteoutputbytheyear2000.Between1980and2000,wasteproductionintheUSrosefrom131to192milliontones,andrisingtrendswerealsoseeninJapan,PolandandPortugal.Japan’swasteoutputincreasedfrom28to53milliontones,whilePolandandPortugalsawwastetota
3、lsincreasefrom4to6.6andfrom2to5milliontonesrespectively.ThetrendsforIrelandandKoreawerenoticeablydifferentfromthosedescribedabove.InIreland,wasteproductionincreasedmorethaneightfold,fromonly0.6milliontonesin1980to5milliontonesin2000.Korea,bycontrast,cutitswasteoutputby12milliontonesbetween1990
4、and2000.Thediagramscomparetwodifferentmethodsofdefenceforhomeswhichareatriskofbeingflooded.Thekeydifferencebetweenthediagramsisthattheyshowfloodprotectionwithandwithoutastopbank.Ineithercase,theat-riskhomeisraisedonstiltsabovegroundlevel.Thefirstdiagramshowshowastopbankactsasafloodbarriertosto
5、priverwaterfromfloodinghomes.Thestopbankisasmallmoundoflandnexttotheriverthatishigherthanthe100-yearfloodlevel,andpreventstheriverfromburstingitsbanks.Nearbyhousescanbebuiltonstiltstopreventfloodingfromrainwater,andafloodgatebeneaththestopbankcanbeopenedtoallowthis‘ponding’todrainoffintotheriv
6、er.Whenthereisnostopbank,asshownintheseconddiagram,therewillbenothingtostoptheriverfromflooding.Inthiscase,thesolutionistoputbuildingsonstilts.Theheightofthestiltsismeasuredsothatthefloorofthehouseis300mmabovethe100-yearfloodlevel.Thismeasurementiscalledthe‘freeboard’.Thediagramscomparetwodiff
7、erentmethodsofdefenceforhomeswhichareatriskofbeingflooded.Thekeydifferencebetweenthediagramsisthattheyshowfloodprotectionwithandwithoutastopbank.Ineithercase,theat-riskhomeisraisedonstiltsabovegroundlevel.Thefirstdiagramshowshowastopban
