《线粒体基因组》PPT课件

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1、MitochondrialmoleculargeneticsMitochondrialmoleculargeneticsMitochondriaarethemainsiteofATPsynthesisineukaryotecellsandassucharevitalforthehealthandsurvivalofthecellTheyarealsooneofthesitesatwhichapoptosisismediatedTheselectureswillexplorethemoleculargeneticsofmitochondria,howtheyaremade,thestruc

2、tureoftheirgenome,howtheyevolved,andhowmitochondrialgeneexpressioniscontrolled.Mitochondrialmoleculargenetics•focusonmitochondria:briefoverviewoftheirfunctionandstructure•mtDNAstructureandreplication:-animals-yeast-plants•inheritanceofmitochondria-petitemutantsofyeast•biogenesisofmitochondriabyfi

3、ssionMITOCHONDRIA•essentialforcelllife-ATPsynthesis-manymetabolicintermediates•essentialforcelldeath-unprogrammeddeath:necrosis(eg,duetolossofenergystatus)-programmedcelldeath(apoptosis-controlledcelldestruction)•Twomembranes•Innermembraneinvaginated•Numbersofmitochondriapercellvarybutusually100s

4、/cellMatrixcontainstheTCAcycle(andother)solubleenzymesInnermembranecontainsmetabolitetransportersandtheelectrontransportchainMitochondrialstructureTheribosomescanactuallybevisualizedinsomemitochondria.Inthesefigures,theyareseeninthematrixassmalldarkbodies.DNAcanalsobevisualizedinmitochondria.TheD

5、NAiscircularandresemblesthatofabacteriuminitsbasicstructure.MitochondriaalsohavetheirownribosomesandtRNA:•22tRNAs•rRNAs(16Sand12S)MitochondriacontainDNAmoleculeswithanassortmentofgenes.MitochondrialgeneticsystemconsistofDNAandthemolecularmachineryneededtoreplicateandexpressthegenescontainedinthis

6、DNA.Thismachineryincludesthemacromoleculesneededfortranscriptionandtranslation.Mitochondriaevenpossesstheirownribosomes.Manyofthesemacromoleculesareencodedbymitochondrialgenes,butsomeareencodedbynucleargenesandarethereforeimportedfromthecytosol.MitochondriahavetheirownDNAandRibosomesMitochondriah

7、avesomeoftheirownDNA,ribosomes,andcanmakemanyoftheirownproteins.TheDNAiscircularandliesinthematrixinstructurescalled"nucleoids". Eachnucleoidmaycontain4-5copiesofthemitochondrialDNA(mtDNA).mitochondrialDNAMitochondrial