《细胞器与疾病》PPT课件

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1、细胞器与疾病（分子医学）AmammaliancellNucleusThenucleusisamembraneboundstructurethatcontainsthecell'shereditaryinformationandcontrolsthecell'sgrowthandreproduction.ItiscommonlythemostprominentorganelleinthecellNuclearMembranesThenuclearcontentislocatedinthenuclearlumenandissurroundedbyadoub

2、lemembraneornuclearenvelope,composedofinnermembraneandoutermembrane.TheoutermembraneiscontiguouswiththeERThenuclearmembranecontainsnuclearpores,whichprovideselectiveaccessintoandoutofthenuclearlumenTheinnermembranehasaproteinliningcalledthenuclearlamina,whichbindstochromatinando

3、thernuclearcomponents.TheNuclearPoreComplexesformacontinuousaqueouschannelbetweencytoplasm&nucleoplasm-nuclearporecomplexislarge–about120millionDaltons-30differentproteinsfoundinpore;basicsubunitrepeated16times.“Centralgranule"nowcalled"transporter"functionstomovemoleculesthroug

4、hpore.ThereisaringofproteinsthatanchorsporetoN.E.andthe"basket"offiberswithunknownfunctionnoobviousmotorproteinswerefoundTheNucleolusTheregionofthenucleuswhereportionsofchromosomesthatcontaingenescodingforribosomalRNAaretranscribedandribosomalsubunitsareassembledhttp://biology.a

5、bout.com/library/weekly/aa032300a.htmStretchofDNAwithrRNAgenesnucleolarorganizingregion=(NOR)RibosomalproteinsaresynthesizedincytoplasmandtransportedintothenucleusTheseproteinsselfassociatewithappropriaterRNAduringrRNAsynthesisformingimmatureribosomalsubunitsRibosomesfinishselfa

6、ssemblyincytoplasmEndoplasmicReticulumKEDLR-GFP激光共聚焦显微镜下的ERTheEndoplasminReticulum(ER)isanextensive,extra-nuclearmembranesystemwiththefollowingfunctions:ERisahomeforvariousenzymesinvolvedinproteinfolding,drugdetoxification,membranelipidbiosynthesis,cholesterolandfattyacidmetabol

7、ismERisanentrypointforproteinsorting.Targetingoftheseproteinsismediatedbysignalsequence.ThemembraneproteinsareinsertedintotheERmembraneintheirproperorientation.SecretedproteinsaretranslocatedintoERlumenandthentransportedtothedestinationplaceRoughandSmoothERTworegionsoftheERdiffe

8、rinbothstructureandfunction.RoughERhasribosomes