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1、Approachestothesenseofhumor:AhistoricalreviewRODA.MARTINHumorandsenseofhumorThereseemstobegeneralagreement,amonghumorresearchersandlaypersonsalike,thatthereisconsiderablevariabilityacrossindividualsinthedegreetowhichtheypossessasenseofhumor.Thereisalsogeneralagreementthatasenseofhu-morisahighlyde
2、sirabletraittopossess.AstheAmericanessayistFrankMooreColbyobserved,"Menwillconfesstotreason,murder,arson,falseteeth,orawig.Howmanyofthemwillownuptoalackofhumor?"(citedinAndrews1993:431).However,whenwebegintoaskwhat,exactly,researchersandlaypeoplemeanby"senseofhumor",andhowtheyconceptualizeindivid
3、ualdifferencesinthistrait,weencounteragreatdealofdisagreement.Althougheveryoneseemstorecognizeasenseofhumorwhentheyseeit,nooneseemstoagreeonhowtodefineorexplainit.AsOmwake(1939:95)aptlyputitnearly60yearsago:averybroad,flexibleinterpretationiscommonlyattributedtoa'senseofhu-mor.'Thetermisusedwithr
4、eferencetocreativehumorandtoappreciationofjokes;toslapstickcomedyandtointellectualwit;tohumorousstimuliper-ceivedthroughtheeyeortheear,oreventhemusclesandcutaneoussenses;to'laughingoverspilledmilk.'...Thetraitissoall-inclusiveandhighlyprizedthattosayofanother:'Hehasagrandsenseofhumor'isalmostsyno
5、nymouswith:'Heisintelligent,he'sagoodsport,andIlikehimimmensely.'Whatdowemeanwhenwesaythatsomeonehasa"senseofhumor"?Eysenck(1972)pointedoutthreedifferentpossiblemeanings.First,wemaymeanthatthepersonlaughsatthesamethingsthatwedo(conformistmeaning).Second,wemaymeanthatthepersonlaughsagreatdealandis
6、easilyamused(quantitativemean-ing).Third,wemaymeanthatthepersonisthe"lifeandsouloftheparty",tellingfunnystoriesandamusingotherpeople(productivemeaning).Eysenckwentontoarguethatthesethreedifferent"sensesofhumor"arenotnecessarilycorrelatedacrossindividuals.16RodA.MartinHehlandRuch(1985)expandedonEy
7、senck'slist,notingthatindividualvariationinsenseofhumormayrelatetodifferencesin:(1)thedegreetowhichindividualscomprehendjokesandotherhumorousstimuli;(2)thewayinwhichtheyexpresshumorandmirth,bothquantitativelyandqualita
