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1、AcknowledgmentsInitsfirstincarnation,thisbookwasaseriesofthreelecturespre-sentedinthesummerof1997totheFacoltadiPsicologia,UniversitàSanRaffale,underthesponsorshipoftheSigmaTauFoundation.I’mgratefultoanoldItalianfriend,ProfessorMassimoPiatelli,forhavi
2、ngarrangedtheoccasion;tomanynewItalianfriendsforcommentsandcriticism;andtoDr.DonataVercelliforhavingsteeredmethroughatraumaticlossofcreditcards,theultimateJamesiancrisisforanAmericanabroad.Allofthefollowingdidmethegreatkindnessofreadingthroughearlier
3、versionsofpartorallofthemanuscriptandhelp-ingmetocatchthemistakes.Muchgratitudeto:NedBlock,NoamChomsky,ShaunNichols,ZenonPylyshyn,andStephenStich.TheappendixwasfirstpublishedinCognition.Permissiontoreprintisgratefullyacknowledged.Notoneredcentwascont
4、ributedtothesupportofthisworkby:TheMacArthurFoundation,theMcDonnellPughFoundation,theNationalScienceFoundation,ortheNationalInstitutesofHealth.Theauthorislistedalphabetically.Introduction:StillSnowingOvertheyears,I’vewrittenanumberofbooksinpraiseofth
5、eComputationalTheoryofMind(CTMoftenhereinafter).Itis,inmyview,byfarthebesttheoryofcognitionthatwe’vegot;indeed,theonlyonewe’vegotthat’sworththebotherofaseri-ousdiscussion.Therearefactsaboutthemindthatitaccountsforandthatwewouldbeutterlyatalosstoexpla
6、inwithoutit;anditscentralidea—thatintentionalprocessesaresyntacticoperationsdefinedonmentalrepresentations—isstrikinglyele-gant.Thereis,inshort,everyreasontosupposethattheComputationalTheoryispartofthetruthaboutcognition.1Butithadn’toccurredtomethata
7、nyonecouldthinkthatit’saverylargepartofthetruth;stilllessthatit’swithinmilesofbeingthewholestoryabouthowthemindworks.(Practitionersofartificialintelligencehavesometimessaidthingsthatsuggesttheyharborsuchconvictions.But,evenbyitsownaccount,AIwasgenera
8、llysupposedtobeaboutengineering,notaboutsci-ence;andcertainlynotaboutphilosophy.)So,then,whenIwrotebooksaboutwhatafinethingCTMis,IgenerallymadeitapointtoincludeasectionsayingthatIdon’tsupposethatitcouldcom-prisemorethanafragmentofafullandsatisfactory