资源描述：
《电子信息类专业英语(李白萍)》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、UnitNineMicroelectronicsPassageAIntroductiontoMicroelectronicsPassageBTheSimpleAtom,Conductors,InsulatorsandSemiconductorsPassageCDiodeandTransistorPassageAIntroductiontoMicroelectronicsTheexploringofspaceandthedevelopmentofearthsatelliteshasincreasedtheimpor
2、tanceofreducingthesizeandweightofelectroniccircuits.Also,eventhoughelectricityflowsquiterapidlyincomputersthetimedelayofthesignalintheinterconnectionsbetweenelectroniccomponentsisanimportantconsideration.Iftheinterconnectionsarereducedinsize,acomputercanperfo
3、rmoperationsatafasterspeed.Microelectronicsinvolvestheminiaturizationofregularelectroniccircuits.Acompleteelectroniccircuit,anoperationalamplifierforexample,whichcontainslargenumbersofindividualinterconnectedcomponents,suchasdiodesresistors,transistors,etc.ma
4、ybeformedonaverysmallsinglesubstrate.Thecompleteminiaturizedcircuitisthencalledanintegratedcircuit.Integratedcircuitsaresmall,light,rugged,andreliable.Theyrequirelesspowerandlowervoltagesthanequivalentmacroscopiccircuits;consequentlytheyoperateatlowertemperat
5、ures,andindividualcomponentsmaybeclosetogetherwithoutexceedingtheoperatingtemperaturelimit.RelativelylittlestraycapacitanceandshorttimedelaysareproducedbecauseoftheshortinterconnectionsbetweentheindividualcomponentsinIC.Maintenanceissimplifiedbecauseifacompon
6、entoftheICfailsthecompleteICisusuallyreplaced.MassproductiontechniquesofplanetechnologyhavereducedthecostofmanyICsothattheyarealmostasinexpensiveasasingletransistor.EventuallymostconventionalcircuitswillbereplacedbyIC.Therearetwotypesofbasicintegratedcircuit:
7、monolithicintegratedcircuitandthethinorthickfilm.MonolithicICareconstructedinasinglesubstrateofsinglecrystalsemiconductor,usuallysilicon.ThinorthickfilmsICareformedonthesurfaceofaninsulatingmaterialsuchasglassoraceramic.HybridICcontainsmorethanasinglesubstrat
8、e,thetermhybridisalsoappliedtocombinationsofmonolithicandthinorthickfilmIC.Integratedcircuitsarealsoclassifiedaccordingtotheirfunctions.DigitalorlogicalICareusedasswitches,theyareeitheron
