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1、"�--�-----"--------�--------------------------------Language,SenseandNonsenseACriticalInvestigationintoModernTheoriesofLanguage�G.P.Baker&P.M.S.HackerFellowsofStJohn'sCollege.OxfordBasilBlackwell©G.P.BakerandP.M.S.Hacker1984ForAlanandJonathanFirstpublished1984Basi
2、lBlackwellPublisherLimited108CowleyRoad,OxfordOX41]F,EnglandAllrightsreserved.ExceptforthequotationofshortpassagesfortheLadirectiondenotreespritpurposesofcriticismandreview,nopartofthispublicationmaybeestplusimportantequesonprogresreproduced,storedinaretrievalsyst
3、em,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise,withoutthepriorpermissionofthepublisher.BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataBaker,G.P.Language,senseandnonsense.1.Linguistics2.Languages-PhilosophyI.TitleII.Hacker
4、,P.M.S.401P121ISBN0-631-13519-7TypesetbyOxfordVerbatimLimitedPrintedinGreatBritainbyT.].PressLtd,PadstowPrefaceTheemperorwalkedintheprocessionunderhiscrimsoncanopy.AndallBetween1978and1981webusiedourselvesinvestigatingtheoriginsofthepeopleofthetown,whohadlinedthes
5、treetsorwerelookingdownmodernlogicaltheoryandtheinspirationformuchcontemporaryfromthewindows,saidthattheemperor'sclotheswerebeautiful.'WhataphilosophicallogicintheworksofGottlobFrege.Theresultsofourmagnificentrobe!Andthetrain!Howwelltheemperorsclothessuithim!'hist
6、oricalinvestigationswerestartling,forthepictureofFrege'sthoughtNoneofthemwerewillingtoadmitthattheyhadn'tseenathing;forifthatemergedfromourlaboursdivergedinmanyfundamentalrespectsanyonedid,thenhewaseitherstupidorunfitforthejobheheld.Neverfromwhatmightbecalledthest
7、andardaverageconceptionofhisbeforehadtheemperorsclothesbeensuchasuccess.philosophy.Therootsofmodernlogicdidnotlieinsemanticinvestiga'Buthedoesn'thaveanythingon!'criedalittlechild.tionsintothestructureofnaturallanguages,butinhisapplicationofsophisticatedmathematica
8、ltechniquestothetraditionalsubject-matterofHansChristianAndersenlogic,viz.thenatureofconcepts,judgmentsandvalidinference.WhatFregehaddonewastoinventanew
