Lewis David 1986 On the Plurality of Worlds

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1、Lewis,DavidK.(1986)OnthePluralityofWorldsOxford:BlackwellISBN:9780631224266ISBN10:0631224262Prefacevii-ix1APhilosophers'Paradise1.1TheThesisofPluralityofWorlds11.2ModalRealismatWork:Modality51.3ModalRealismatWork:Closeness201.4ModalRealismatWork:Content271.5ModalRealismatWork:Properties501.6Iso

2、lation691.7Concreteness811.8Plenitude861.9Actuality922ParadoxinParadise?2.1EverythingisActual?972.2AllWorldsinOne?1012.3MoreWorldsThanThereAre?1042.4HowCanWeKnow?1082.5ARoadtoScepticism?1152.6ARoadtoIndifference?1232.7ArbitrarinessLost?1282.8TheIncredulousStare1333ParadiseontheCheap?3.1TheErsat

3、zistProgramme1363.2LinguisticErsatzism1423.3PictorialErsatzism1653.4MagicalErsatzism1744CounterpartsorDoubleLives?4.1GoodQuestionsandBad1924.2AgainstOverlap1984.3AgainstTrans-WorldIndividuals2104.4AgainstHaecceitism2204.5AgainstConstancy248WorksCited264Index271-6PrefaceThisbookdefendsmodalreali

4、sm:thethesisthattheworldwearepartofisbutoneofapluralityofworlds,andthatwewhoinhabitthisworldareonlyafewoutofalltheinhabitantsofalltheworlds.Ibeginthefirstchapterbyreviewingthemanywaysinwhichsystematicphilosophygoesmoreeasilyifwemaypresupposemodalrealisminouranalyses.Itakethistobeagoodreasontoth

5、inkthatmodalrealismistrue,justastheutilityofsettheoryinmathematicsisagoodreasontobelievethattherearesets.ThenIstatesometenetsofthekindofmodalrealismIfavour.Inthesecondchapter,Ireplytonumerousobjections.FirstIconsiderargumentsthatmodalrealismleadstocontradiction;andIreplybyrejectingsomepremisest

6、hatareneededtoproducetheparadoxes.ThenIturntoargumentsthatmodalrealismleadstoconsistentbutunwelcomeviews:inductivescepticism,adisregardforprudenceandmorality,orthelossofthebrutearbitrarinessofourworld;andagainIreplybyfindingpremisestoreject.FinallyIconsiderthesheerimplausibilityofatheorysomucha

7、tvariancewithcommonsensicalideasaboutwhatthereis;Itakethistobeafairandseriousobjection,butoutweighedbythesystematicbenefitsthatacceptanceofmodalrealismbrings.Inthethirdchapter,Iconsidertheprospectthatamorecredibleontologymightyiel