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1、非谓语动词是指不充当谓语的动词形式,主要有:动词不定式,分词(现在分词和过去分词),动名词.有关非谓语动词的概述参看“语法框架”中“非谓语动词”部分 动词不定式 一.形式:动词不定式的一般式是todo,另外还有一些变化形式如下表: 主动被动 一般式todotobedone 进行式tobedoingX 完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone 完成进行式tohavebeendoingX 二.动词不定式在句中的作用:作主语,宾语,宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语 1.作主语: ①.不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数 a
2、.Tosmokeisabadhabit. b.Toknowisonething;todoisanother. ②.不定式做主语时,通常将不定式后移,而在其位置上用形式主语it a.Itispolitetowritetoyourhostandsay“Thankyou.” b.ItisthecustominFrancetoshakehandsalot. 2.作宾语: ①.不定式通常作动词的宾语,也能作少数介词的宾语 a.Wewanttolearnsomebodylanguage. b.Idon’tknowwhattodonext.
3、 ②.在but(除了)/except(除了)等少数介词的后面,可以用带to的不定式作宾语,但如果but/except前有实义动词do的某个形式时,则but/except后的不定式省略to a.Ihadnochoicebuttoworkhard. b.Thereisnothinglefttodobutliedownandsleep. 3.作宾补: ①.跟不定式作宾补的动词常见的有:advise,allow,ask,beg,encourage,get,force,invite,expect,order,permit,persuade,r
4、equire,want,warn,teach,wish等 a.Bodylanguagehelpsyoutocommunicatewithforeigners. b.Wouldyoulikemetohelpyou? c.Doyouwantmetofindoutthephonenumber? ②.有些及物动词(主要是感官动词和使役动词)后用不定式作宾补时,不定式的符号to要省略,这类及物动词如:let,make,see,hear,watch,notice,feel,watch,have等.变成被动语态时,省略的to要加出 a.Ihear
5、dhimgodownstairsveryearlythatmorning. b.Theworkersweremadetoworklonghoursbytheboss. 4.作表语 a.Ourworkistocleanthewindows. b.Myadviceisnottodrinkanymore. 5.作定语: ①.不定式作定语时要后置 a.Children,Ihavesomethingtotellyou. b.Iamverybusy;Ihavesomeletterstowrite. ②.动词不定式作定语时,其中的动词与被
6、修饰词在逻辑上有主谓关系,动宾关系或同位关系.如果是动宾关系,则要求不定式动词是及物的,否则,要在不定式动词后加上适当的介词 a.Heisalwaysthefirstonetogetup.b.Everymorningshewouldbringhimthepaperstoread. 6.作状语: ①.不定式作状语时多表示目的,原因,结果等 a.Hegotupveryearlytocatchthefirstbus. b.Weeattolive;wedon’tlivetoeat. c.Wewokeuponlytofindeverybod
7、ygone. d.Wearegladtohearofyoursuccess. e.Theyjumpedwithjoytoseehimback. ②.不定式作结果或程度状语时常见的五种搭配是:so…asto…/such…asto…/enough…to…/too…to…/onlyto… a.Tomwassofoolishastotellliestothepolice. b.Iamsuchafoolastothinkthatheiswarm-hearted. c.Ihopethereareenoughglassesforeachgues
8、ttohave. d.Itwastoolatetocatchabusaftertheparty,thereforewecalledataxi. e.Hearri
