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1、NationalSecurityandNuclearWeaponsinstthe21CenturySeptember2008ForewordInJuly2007,alongwithSecretaryofStateCondoleezzaRice,weissuedastatementthatsummarizedtheneedformaintainingacredibleU.S.nucleardeterrentandurgedbipartisanCongressionalsupportfortheReliableReplacementW
2、arheadprogram.Thisstpaper,NationalSecurityandNuclearWeaponsinthe21Century,expandsontheJuly2007statementbyaddressingingreaterdetailtheconsiderationsbehindU.S.requirementsfornuclearweapons.Thepaperalsodescribestherelationshipamongstrategicnuclearforcestructure,thestockp
3、ileofnuclearwarheads,andthenuclearwarheadresearchandproductioninfrastructure.WebelievethelogicpresentedhereprovidesasoundbasisonwhichthisandfutureadministrationscanconsiderfurtheradjustmentstoU.S.nuclearweaponspolicy,strategy,andforcestructure.Manyofthepolicyissuesand
4、strategiccapabilitiesdiscussedinthispaperarebasedontheDecember2001NuclearPostureReviewandrepresentcontinuitywithdecisionsmadebyprioradministrations.Forexample,theClintonAdministrationdevelopedthe“leadandhedge”strategyasawaytoreducethesizeofthedeployedstrategicnuclearf
5、orce,whilealsoensuringthattheUnitedStateswouldbeabletorespondtofuturechallengesthatcouldbemorestressingthanestimatedatthattime.UnderthisstrategytheUnitedStateswouldtakethe“lead”innuclearreductions,butwould“hedge”throughaninventoryofnon-deployednuclearwarheadsandaforce
6、structurecapableofdeployingthosewarheads.Thecurrentadministrationseekstobuildonthatapproachbyrelying,overtime,moreheavilyonaresponsivenuclearweaponsdesignandmanufacturinginfrastructuretomanagerisk,andlessonaninventoryofnon-deployedwarheads.iWebelievethatthisapproachco
7、ntinuestohavemerit.Inthedynamic,unpredictablestsecurityenvironmentofthe21century,therelationshipbetweenstandingforcesandinfrastructurereadinesswillneedtobeadjustedtoallowmoreeffectivemanagementofvarioustypesofrisk–geopolitical,technical,andoperational.Inthiscontext,th
8、eReliableReplacementWarhead(RRW)programdeservescontinuedstudyanddevelopment.TheRRWconceptisbothpromisingandfullyconsistentwi