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1、供应链管理：关键特征KeyAttributesofSCMAnumberofkeyattributes重要特征areassociatedwithsupply-chainmanagement,including:①Customerpower客户实力（权力）②Along-termorientation长期定位③Leveragingtechnology杠杆技术④Enhancedcommunicationacrossorganizations组织间强化交流⑤Inventorycontrol⑥Interactivity交互性⑦Inter
2、-functional，Inter-organizationalcoordination内部功能及组织间协作1.CustomerpowerSupplychainsrecognizethepowerofconsumersandviewcustomersasassets供应链承认客户的权利并把客户看着是一种资产Inrecentyears,aclearshiftofpowerhasmovedawayfromthemanufacturerandtowardcustomerpower.Today’scustomers“aredeman
3、dingthatcompaniesrecognizethemasindividualsandconductbusinessontheirterms.”Forexample,today’scustomersarerelativelyunconcernedwitharetailer’stradeclassdistinction(e.g.departmentstore,specialtystore)andmoreconcernedwithretailer’shonesty,trust,andrespect.Twoofthemost
4、successfulretailersinthecontemporaryenvironmentareWal-MartandTarget.[ImplicationsforSCMTheincreasingpowerofcustomershasimportantimplicationsforthedesignandmanagementofsupplychains.Becausecustomerneedsandwantschangerelativelyquickly,supplychainsshouldbefastandagile,
5、ratherthanslowandinflexible僵硬的.Fastencompassesaspeed/timecomponent,whileagilefocusesonanorganization’sabilitytorespondtochangesindemandwithrespecttovolumeandvariety.Failuretobefastandagilecanresultindecreasedmarketshare,reducedprofitability,lowerstockprice,and/ordi
6、ssatisfiedcustomersforsupply-chainparticipants.1.Long-termorientation长期定位Thedefinitionforsupply-chainmanagementindicatesthatsupplychainsexisttoimprove“thelong-termperformanceoftheindividualcompaniesandthesupplychainasawhole.”Thisemphasisonlong-termperformancesugges
7、tsthatsupplychainsshouldemployalong-termasopposedtoashort-termorientationwiththevariousparticipants参与者—suppliers,customers,intermediaries,andfacilitators.Along-termorientationtendstobepredicatedon【predicateon/upon使依据于,使基于】relationalexchangeswhileashort-termorientat
8、iontendstobepredicatedontransactionalexchanges.长期定位倾向于针对相关的交易而预测,而短期定位是倾向于针对相互影响的交易而预测的.Inorderforrelationalexchanges相关交易tobeeffective,atransacti
