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1、Con‡ictProcessingMechanismsAdamPrzeworskiDepartmentofPoliticsNewYorkUniversityAbstractTheproblemfacingeverypolityishowtomaintainpoliticalorderinthefaceofcon‡ictsthatinevitablyariseinthesociety,speci…cally,howtopreventcon‡ictsfrombecomingviolent.Po-liticalordercanbemaintainedbyacombinationofe
2、xhortationstounity,repression,andcooptation.Alternatively,itcansup-portedbyinstitutionalframeworksthatprocesscon‡ictsaccord-ingtosomerules,aslongastheseinstitutionssucceedinstruc-turing,absorbing,andregulatingcon‡icts.Pluralisticelectionsthatresultinpowersharingorinalternationino¢ceprovideone
3、suchmechanism.Suchelectionsneednotandoftendonotallowfreeentryintocompetition:theycancoexistwithsomenon-majoritarian,tutelaryinstitutions.Distributionalcon‡ictscanbeseparatelyregulatedbysystemsofcollectivebargainingaswellasbyjudicialsystemsthatindividualizecon‡ictsbyprocess-ingparticulargrieva
4、nces.Thepaperexaminesthelogicofeachofthesemechanismsaswellastheconditionsunderwhichthesemechanismsaresuccessful.ArevisedversionofthepaperpresentedattheShanghaiEconomicForumandtheForumonPeaceandDevelopmentinBeijing,June2012.11IntroductionAcentralproblemfacingeverypolityishowtomaintainpolitica
5、lorderinthefaceofcon‡ictsthatinevitablyariseinthesociety.Allsocietiesaredividedbyincomeandsocialstatus,sometimesalsobyreligion,ethnicity,race,orregion.Evenminorissuescangeneratepassionatepoliticaldisagreements.Hence,con‡ictsmustbesomehowmanaged.Theycanbemanagedbydi¤erentcombinationsofthreetyp
6、esofmechanisms:ideologicalexhortation,repressionaccompaniedbycoop-tation,andregulationbyinstitutions.The…rstmechanismconsistsofappealingtothevalueofharmony.Thesecondmechanismentailsre-pressionofpotentialopposition(s)byathreatoranactualuseofphysicalforce,typicallycombinedwithsomedegreeofcoopta
7、tion.Finally,thelastmechanismreliesonregulationofstructuredcon‡ictsbysomerules.The…rsttwomechanisms–ideologicalexhortationandrepression–aremonistic,inthesensethattheyaredesignedtopreventsocietaldivi-sionsfrombecomingorganizedintheformofcon‡ic
