King et al Identification of the remains of King Richard III

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1、ARTICLEReceived5Aug2014

2、Accepted21Oct2014

3、Published2Dec2014DOI:10.1038/ncomms6631OPENIdentificationoftheremainsofKingRichardIIITuriE.King1,2,GloriaGonzalezFortes3,4,*,PatriciaBalaresque5,*,MarkG.Thomas6,DavidBalding6,PierpaoloMaisanoDelser1,RitaNeumann1,WaltherParson7,8,MichaelKnapp9,S

4、usanWalsh10,11,LaureTonasso5,JohnHolt12,ManfredKayser11,JoAppleby2,PeterForster13,14,DavidEkserdjian15,MichaelHofreiter3,4&KevinSchu¨rer16In2012,askeletonwasexcavatedatthepresumedsiteoftheGreyFriarsfriaryinLeicester,thelast-knownrestingplaceofKingRichardIII.Archaeological,osteological

5、andradiocarbondatingdatawereconsistentwiththesebeinghisremains.HerewereportDNAanalysesofboththeskeletalremainsandlivingrelativesofRichardIII.WefindaperfectmitochondrialDNAmatchbetweenthesequenceobtainedfromtheremainsandonelivingrelative,andasingle-basesubstitutionwhencomparedwithasecon

6、drelative.Y-chromosomehaplotypesfrommale-linerelativesandtheremainsdonotmatch,whichcouldbeattributedtoafalse-paternityeventoccurringinanyoftheinterveninggenerations.DNA-predictedhairandeyecolourareconsistentwithRichard’sappearanceinanearlyportrait.Wecalculatelikelihoodratiosforthenon-

7、geneticandgeneticdataseparately,andcombined,andconcludethattheevidencefortheremainsbeingthoseofRichardIIIisoverwhelming.1DepartmentofGenetics,UniversityofLeicester,LeicesterLE17RH,UK.2SchoolofArchaeologyandAncientHistory,UniversityofLeicester,LeicesterLE17RH,UK.3DepartmentofBiology,Un

8、iversityofYork,YorkYO105DD,UK.4InstituteofBiochemistryandBiology,Universita¨tPotsdam,Karl-Liebknechtstr.24-25,14476Potsdam,Germany.5UMR5288-CNRS/Universite´PaulSabatier-Toulouse3LaboratoireAnthropologieMole´culaireetImageriedeSynthe`seFaculte´deMe´decinePurpam37,alle´esJulesGuesde,310

9、73Toulouse,France.6ResearchDepartmentofGenetics,EvolutionandEnvironment,UniversityCollegeLondon,LondonWC1E6BT,UK.7InstituteofLegalMedicine,InnsbruckMedicalUniversity,Muellerstrae44,A-6020Innsbruck,Austria.8PennsylvaniaStateUniversity,EberlyCollegeofScience,ThomasBldg,#517,UniversityP

10、ark,P