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1、ReviewEvolutionofthecancergenomeOndrejPodlaha,MarkusRiester,SubhajyotiDeandFranziskaMichorDepartmentofBiostatisticsandComputationalBiology,Dana-FarberCancerInstitute,andDepartmentofBiostatistics,HarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,Boston,MA02115,USAHumantumorsresultfromanevolutionaryprocessop-base
2、sforcancerinitiationandprogression?Andarecancer-eratingonsomaticcellswithintissues,wherebynaturalassociatedphenotypesgainedviagradualaccumulationofselectionoperatesonthephenotypicvariabilitygener-alterationsorthroughpunctuated,catastrophicevents?atedbytheaccumulationofgenetic,genomicandepi
3、-Althoughthenotionthatcancerprogressionisanevolution-geneticalterations.Thissomaticevolutionleadstoaryprocesshasbeenrecognizedfordecades[46],thisadaptationssuchasincreasedproliferative,angiogenic,frameworkofthinkinghasrecentlystartedtogainnewandinvasivephenotypes.Inthisreviewweoutlinehowap
4、preciationamongcancerbiologistsandclinicians.Under-cancergenomesarebeginningtobeinvestigatedfromstandingtheforcesthatgoverncancerinitiationandleadtoanevolutionaryperspective.Wedescriberecentprog-theacquisitionofresistancetoanti-cancertherapyrepre-ressinthecatalogingofsomaticgeneticandgenom
5、icsentverypressingissuesinmedicaloncology.Here,wealterations,andinvestigatethecontributionsofgerm-reviewrecentprogressinelucidatingtheevolutionofcancerlineaswellasepigeneticfactorstocancergenomecellsonthegenetic,genomic,andepigeneticlevels,andevolution.Finally,weoutlinethechallengesfacingp
6、rovidenewperspectivesontheexperimentalandtheoreti-researcherswhoinvestigatetheprocessesdrivingthecalchallengesofcancergenomeresearch.evolutionofthecancergenome.SomaticgeneticevolutionofcancerOrganismalandsomaticevolutionSomaticgenomicalterationsareDNAsequenceaberra-Evolutionbymeansofnatura
7、lselectionismostcommonlytionsthathaveaccumulatedinthegenomeofacellduringdiscussedinconjunctionwithorganismalchangeoverthelifespanofthepatient;theseincludepointmutations,generations,therebyexplainingphenomenasuchasspeci-deletions,genefusions,geneamplificationsan
