04-Chemical Reactions

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1、Chemistry140Fall2002Contents4-1ChemicalReactionsandChemicalEquations化学反应和化学反应方程式4-2ChemicalEquationsandStoichiometry（计量学）4-3ChemicalReactionsinSolution（溶液中的反应）4-4DeterminingtheLimitingreagent（不足量反应物）4-5OtherPracticalMattersinReactionStoichiometryChapter4:ChemicalReactio

2、ns（化学反应）（反应计量学中的其它实际问题）FocusonIndustrialChemistrySlide1of29Slide2of29化学化工刘巍化学化工刘巍4-1ChemicalReactionsandChemicalEquationsWritingChemicalEquations（化学方程式的书写）化学反应和化学反应方程式Nitrogenmonoxide+oxygen→nitrogendioxideAsreactantsareconvertedtoproductsweobserve（当反应物转变为生成物时会出现）Step1:

3、Writethereactionusingchemicalsymbols.–Colorchange颜色变化用化学符号表示化学反应–Precipitateformation生成沉淀Step2:Balancethechemicalequation.配平反应方程式–Gasevolution放出气体–Heatabsorptionorevolution放热或吸热2NO+O12→2NO2Slide3of29Slide4of29化学化工刘巍化学化工刘巍1Chemistry140Fall2002BalancingEquationStrategy(配平

4、方程式要点）BalancingEquations•Balanceelementsthatoccurinonlyone•Neverintroduceextraneousatomstobalance.compoundoneachsidefirst.（不可加入额外的原子）（先配在方程式两边只出现在一个化合物中的元素）NO+O→NO+O22•Balancefreeelementslast.（最后配单质）•Balanceunchangedpolyatomicsasgroups.（将不•Neverchangeaformulaforthepurpo

5、seofbalancing发生变化的原子团作为整体处理）anequation.不可任意改变化学式•Fractionalcoefficientsareacceptableandcanbeclearedattheendbymultiplication.（分数系数最后NO+O→NO23处理）Slide5of29Slide6of29化学化工刘巍化学化工刘巍4-2ChemicalEquationsandStoichiometryExample4-6化学方程式和化学计量学Analloyusedinaircraftstructuresconsist

6、sof93.7%Aland6.3%Cubymass.Thealloyhasadensityof2.85•Stoichiometryincludesallthequantitativeg/cm3.A0.691cm3pieceofthealloyreactswithanrelationshipsinvolving：excessofHCl(aq).IfweassumethatalltheAlbutnoneoftheCureactswithHCl(aq),whatisthemassofH2（计量学包括下列所有定量关系）：obtained?–a

7、tomicandformulamasses（原子量、分子量）–chemicalformulas.（化学式）•Moleratioisacentralconversionfactor.（摩尔比为关键转换因子）Slide7of29Slide8of29化学化工刘巍化学化工刘巍2Chemistry140Fall2002Example4-64-3ChemicalReactionsinSolution溶液中的化学反应2Al+6HCl→2AlCl3+3H2Planthestrategy:•Closecontactbetweenatoms,ionsan

8、dcm3alloy→galloy→gAl→moleAl→molH2→gH2moleculesnecessaryforareactiontooccur.Weneed5conversionfactors!（发生反应的原子、离