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1、Adaptivegossipprotocols:managingsecurityandredundancyindenseadhocnetworks?MikeBurmester,TriVanLeandAlecYasinsacDepartmentofComputerScience,FloridaStateUniversityTallahassee,Florida323204-4530fburmester,levan,yasinsacg@cs.fsu.eduContactauthor:MikeBurmester,Tel:(001)(850)644-6410,Fax:(001)(850)644-00
2、58Abstract.Manyadhocroutingalgorithmsrelyonbroadcast
oodingforlocationdis-coveryor,moregenerally,forsecureroutingapplications.Floodingisarobustalgorithmbutbecauseofitsextremeredundancy,itisimpracticalindensenetworks.Indeedinlargewirelessnetworks,theuseof
oodingalgorithmsmayleadtobroadcaststormswher
3、ethenumberofcollisionsissolargethatitcausessystemfailure.Topreventbroadcaststorms,manymechanismsthatreduceredundanttransmissionshavebeenproposedthatreduceretransmissionoverheadeitherdeterministicallyorprobabilistically.Gossipisaprobabilisticalgorithminwhichpacketretransmissionisbasedontheoutcomeofc
4、ointosses.Theretransmissionprobabilitycanbe xed,dynamicoradaptive.Withdynamicgossip,localinformationisusedtodecideonretransmissionprobability.Withadaptivegossip,thedecisiontorelayisadjustedadaptivelybasedontheoutcomeofcointosses,thelocalnetworkstructure,andthelocalresponsetothe
oodingcall.Thegoalof
5、gossipistominimizethenumberofretransmissions,whileretainingthemainbene tsof
ooding,e.g.,universalcoverage,minimalstateretention,andpathlengthpreservation.Inthispaperweconsiderwaystoreducethenumberofredundanttransmissionsin
ood-ingwhileguaranteeingsecurity.Wepresentseveralnewgossipprotocolsthatexplo
6、itlocalconnectivitytoadaptivelycorrectpropagationfailuresandprotectagainstByzantineat-tacks.Amaincontributionofthisworkisthatweintroduceacell-gridapproachthatallowsustoanalyticallyproveperformanceandsecurityprotocolproperties.Thelasttwogossipprotocolsthatwegivearefullyadaptive,i.e.,theyautomaticall
7、ycorrectallfaultsandguaranteedelivery,the rstsuchprotocolstothebestofourknowledge.KeywordsAdhocnetworks,secureMANETs,
ooding,gossip,broadcastredundancy,broad-caststorms,securerouting.1IntroductionAdhocnetwo
