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1、8885d_c23_881-9193/1/041:26PMPage881mac76mac76:385_reb:chapter23HORMONALREGULATIONANDINTEGRATIONOFMAMMALIANMETABOLISM23.1Hormones:DiverseStructuresforDiversefunctionsofthetissuesandorgansofcomplexorgan-Functions881ismssuchashumansimposecharacteristicfuelre-quirementsandpatternsofmetabol

2、ism.Hormonalsig-23.2Tissue-SpecificMetabolism:TheDivisionnalsintegrateandcoordinatethemetabolicactivitiesofofLabor892differenttissuesandoptimizetheallocationoffuelsand23.3HormonalRegulationofFuelMetabolism902precursorstoeachorgan.23.4ObesityandtheRegulationofBodyMass910Inthischapterwefo

3、cusonmammals,lookingatthespecializedmetabolismofseveralmajororgansandtis-suesandtheintegrationofmetabolisminthewholeor-Werecognizethateachtissueand,moregenerally,eachganism.Webeginbyexaminingthebroadrangeofhor-celloftheorganismsecretes...specialproductsormonesandhormonalmechanisms,thent

4、urntothefermentsintothebloodwhichtherebyinfluenceallthetissue-specificfunctionsregulatedbythesemecha-nisms.Wediscussthedistributionofnutrientstovari-othercellsthusintegratedwitheachotherbyaousorgans—emphasizingthecentralroleplayedbythemechanismotherthanthenervoussystem.liver—andthemetab

5、oliccooperationamongtheseor-—CharlesÉdouardBrown-SéquardandJ.d’Arsonval,articleingans.Toillustratetheintegrativeroleofhormones,weComptesRendusdelaSociétédeBiologie,1891describetheinterplayofinsulin,glucagon,andepi-nephrineincoordinatingfuelmetabolisminmuscle,liver,andadiposetissue.Theme

6、tabolicdisturbancesinInChapters13through22wehavediscussedmetabo-diabetesfurtherillustratetheimportanceofhormonallismattheleveloftheindividualcell,emphasizingcen-regulationofmetabolism.Finallywediscussthelong-tralpathwayscommontoalmostallcells,prokaryotictermhormonalregulationofbodymass.

7、andeukaryotic.Wehaveseenhowmetabolicprocesseswithincellsareregulatedatthelevelofindividualen-zymereactions,bysubstrateavailability,byallosteric23.1Hormones:DiverseStructuresmechanisms,andbyphosphorylationorothercovalentforDiverseFunctionsmodificationsofenzymes.Toappreciatefully