Improved Boussinesq Equation–Based Model for

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1、11ImprovedBoussinesqEquation–BasedModelfor2TransientFlowinaDrainageLayerofHighway:32CapillaryCorrectionY12344Han-ChengDan;PeiXin;LingLi;andLiangLi5Abstract:Currently,timetodrainanddepthofflowarethetwobasicconceptsfordesigningthedrainagelayerofhighway,bothofwhichL63arebase

2、donthesaturatedflowandcannotreasonablyevaluatethedrainageefficiencyofdrainagelayer.Arecentstudydemonstratedthat7capillaryeffectscouldbecomesignificantwithunsaturatedflowplayinganimportantroleinconductingwateroutofthedrainagelayerin8somecases.Inviewofthedisadvantagesofthet

3、womethods,itisreasonabletocombinethemtoguidethedesignofadrainagelayer.Here,a9modelwasestablishedbasedontheone-dimensional(1D)transientBoussinesqequationwithacapillarycorrection.Thegeneralsolutionto10thegoverningequationwasobtainedusingthemethodofseparationvariables.Furthe

4、rmore,thepresentedmodelwasvalidatedagainst11numericalsimulationspredictedbyafinite-differencemethod(theMATLABprogram)andthefinite-elementmethod(SUTRAprogram).12Acomparisonwasconductedtodemonstratethedifferencebetweenthesaturateddrainageandunsaturateddrainageprocesses.Ther

5、esults13showedthatthetimetodrainthesamewatervolumebasedonthesaturatedmodelismuchlessthanthatbasedontheunsaturated14model.Thepresentmodelwithcapillarycorrectionperformsbetterthanthesaturatedmodelinpredictingtimetodraininthedrainage15layer.DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.000

6、0642.©2013AmericanSocietyofCivilEngineers.ON16CEDatabasesubjectheadings:Highwaysandroads;Drainage;Unsaturatedflow.17Authorkeywords:Highway;Drainageengineering;Drainagelayer;Time-to-drain;Depth-of-flow;Unsaturatedflow.18Introductionbasedonsaturatedflow.Thefirstapproach(tim

7、etodrain)forde-34signingthedrainagelayer,proposedbyCasagrandeandShannon3519Pavementdrainagesystemsarefrequentlyusedinmanycountries,F(1952),istoselectaspecifictimetoobtainaspecifieddegreeof3620e.g.,China,Europe,andtheUnitedStates(Rabab’an2007).Inthedrainageforaninitiallysa

8、turateddrainagelayer.Solutionsbased3721drainedsection,adrainagelayerconnectedtoablindditch(Fig.1