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1、THEHISTORYOFJAZZTedGioiaOxfordUniversityPressNewYorkOxfordOxfordNewYorkAthensAucklandBangkokBogotaBuenosAiresCalcuttaCapeTownChennaiDaresSalaamDelhiFlorenceHongKongIstanbulKarachiKualaLumpurMadridMelbourneMexicoCityMumbaiNairobiParisSioPauloSingaporeTaipeiTokyoTorontoWarsawandasso
2、ciatedcompaniesinBerlinIbadanCopyright©1997byTedGioiaFirstpublishedbyOxfordUniversityPress,Inc.,1997FirstissuedasanOxfordUniversityPresspaperback,1998OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPressAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsyste
3、m,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise,withoutthepriorpermissionofOxfordUniversityPress.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataGioia,Ted.Thehistoryofjazz/TedGioia.p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN0-19
4、-509081-0ISBN0-19-512653-X(Pbk.)1.Jazz─Historyandcriticism.I.Title.ML3506.GS41997781.65'09─dc2197-102AllphotographsinthisbookarecourtesyofTheFrankDriggsCollection.791086PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaonacid-freepaperformywife,TaraContentsONEThePrehistoryofJazz3TWONewOrleansJazz2
5、9THREETheJazzAge55FOURHarlem93FIVETheSwingEra135SIXModernJazz199SEVENTheFragmentationofJazzStyles277EIGHTFreedomandBeyond337Notes397FurtherReading407RecommendedListening411Acknowledgments427Index429IndexofSongsandAlbums459ONEThePrehistoryofJazzTheAfricanizationofAmericanMusicAneld
6、erlyblackmansitsastridealargecylindricaldrum.Usinghisfingersandtheedgeofhishand,hejabsrepeatedlyatthedrumhead─whichisaroundafootindiameterandprobablymadefromananimalskin─evokingathrobbingpulsationwithrapid,sharpstrokes.Aseconddrummer,holdinghisinstrumentbetweenhisknees,joinsin,pla
7、yingwiththesamestaccatoattack.Athirdblackman,seatedontheground,plucksatastringinstrument,thebodyofwhichisroughlyfashionedfromacalabash.Anothercalabashhasbeenmadeintoadrum,andawomanbeatsatitwithtwoshortsticks.Onevoice,thenothervoicesjoinin.Adanceofseemingcontradictionsaccompaniesth
8、ismusicalgive-and-take,amovinghie
