Incentive-basedSchemes激励方案

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1、Incentive-basedSchemesSmitaRaiECS289LOutlineIncentivesforCo-operationinPeer-to-PeerNetworks.Aimedatapplicationslikefilesharing.PriorityForwardinginAdhocNetworkswithSelf-InterestedParties.LayeredIncentive-basedmodelforAdhocnetworks.“Provideincentivestoself-interesteduserstoco-opera

2、te”IncentivesforCo-operationinPeer-to-PeerNetworksKevinLaiVisitingPost-doctoralResearcher,UCB.PhD–Stanford.PartofMosquitoNetgroup.DevelopedtoolslikeNettimeretc.IonStoicaAssistantProfessor,UCB.PhD–CMU.Workedonawiderangeoftopics,oneofthemIncentives.IncentivesforCo-operationinPeer-to

3、-PeerNetworksMichalFeldmanPhDStudent,UCB.JohnChuangAssistantProfessor,UCB.PhD–CMU.AllofthemworkontheOATHProject–ProvidingIncentivesforCo-operationinP2PSystems.ContentsModelofco-operationinP2Psystems.FrameworkintermsofEvolutionaryPrisoner’sDilemma(EPD).Designspaceforpossibleincenti

4、vestrategies.Comparisonusingsimulation.Conclusions.MotivationManypeer-to-peersystemsrelyonco-operationamongself-interestedusers.Whennon-cooperativeusersbenefitfromfreeridingonothers’resources–“TragedyoftheCommons”.Incentivesforco-operationneededtoavoidthisproblem.TragedyoftheCommo

5、nsCoinedbyGarrettHardininScience,1968.Pastureopentoall.Herdsmenkeepingcattle.Rationalherdsmanwantstomaximizehisgains.Addmorecattletohisherd.Positivecomponent–Theownerwillgetthegain.Negativecomponent–Theeffectsofovergrazingwillbesharedbyall.Result–“Freedominacommonsbringsruintoall”

6、ModelofCo-operationFeaturesofamodelofco-operationinP2Psystems.Universalco-operationleadstooptimaloverallutility.Individualincentivetodefect.Rationalbehavior.Alltheseprovidetheessentialtensionthatresultsinthetragedyofthecommons.Authorslookatincentivetechniquestoavoidthisproblem.The

7、specificapplicationtheylookatisafilesharingsystem.Theapproachistomodeltheproblemofco-operationinthissystemintermsof“Prisoners’Dilemma”.Prisoner’sDilemmaTwosuspectsinamajorcrimeareheldinseparatecells.Thereisenoughevidencetoconvicteachofthemofaminoroffense.Notenoughevidencetoconvict

8、eitherofthemofthemajorcrime.Ifone