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ID:414661
大小:35.50 KB
页数:4页
时间:2017-07-30
《创新活动和产业结构【外文翻译】》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、毕业论文(设计)外文翻译一、外文原文InnovativeActivityandIndustrialStructureAdramaticslowdownofproductivitygrowthinmanycountrieshasbeenthesubjectofconsiderablediscussioninliterature.Amongthepotentialfactorsofthisdecline,aprominentrolehasbeengiventoinnovativeactivity.Fortoolong,economistshavetakentechnicalchangeas
2、exogenouslydetermined.Productivitychangeandeconomicgrowtharerelatedinvariousways.Productivityisspurredbyinnovations,whereasinnovationshavetobeseenasendogenouslychosenbycreativefirmsonthebasisofcurrentorexpectedmarketstructure,factorcostsandmarketdemand(andhenceeconomicgrowth).Furthermore,industr
3、ialstructureischangingduetoinnovativeactivity:Businessfirmsinnovateinordertogrow.Thephenomenonunderstudycanbefullyunderstoodonlybyexploringamorecomplexdynamicprocess,theprocessofindustryevolution.ItwasSchumpeter(1942)whomustbegrantedcreditforbringingtheseconnectionstolight.Hisideashaveattractedi
4、ncreasinginterestinrecentyearsandanexcellentreviewofworkoninnovativeactivityisgivenbythecontributionsofKamienSchwartz(1982),Nelson--Winter(1982)andScherer(1980,1984).AsstressedbyNelson--Winter(1982)andWinter(1984),theprocessofindustryevolutionmightbetoocomplextobefullyanalyticallytractable.Topro
5、videaclearviewoftheunderlyingmechanisms,researchhasfocusedonsimulationexperimentsofstylizedindustriesorhasconcentratedonpartialaspectsoftheentireprocess.However,bothapproachesarecomplements:AbetterunderstandingofeachchainofSchumpeterianmarketdynamicsimprovestheabilitytobetterdesigntheexperiment.
6、Theexperimentitselfisessentialtoderivethemorelikelyimpactsonlong-runmarketevolution.Thepaperinvestigatesthepartialapproach,butgivesemphasistoitspartinmarketdynamics.Thepaperisconcernedwiththeimpactoffirmsizeandmarketconcentrationoninnovativeactivityintheshortrun.Thereisaproblemofsimultaneouscaus
7、ationinthelongrun,butintheshortrunthecharacteristicsofmarketpowerarechangingonlyslowlyandcanbetreatedasexogenous.ThisisinaccordancewithapositiontakenbyWinterthatsomeeconomicprocessesareconceivedasworkingveryfast,drivingsomeo
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