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1、动名词1.动名词的形式：动名词是山动词原形+ing构成(如writing),有完成时态和被动语态(如havingwritten,beingwritten)o2.动名词的用法动名词通常在句中作主语和宾语。1)动名词作主语Goingtothecollegeisthelittleboy'sdream.Keepingstudyinghardwillmakeyoupasstheexam・2)动名词作宾语冇些动词后面只能带动名词作宾语，不能带不定式作宾语。此类动词常见的冇：admit,acknowledge,anticipate,appreciate,avoid,consider,conte
2、mplate,defer,delay,deny,detest,dislike,ensure,enjoy,escape,excuse,evade,facilitate,fancy,favour,finish,forbid,imagine,include,keep,mind,miss,postpone,practise,resent,resist,risk,suggestsquit,worth等。例如：l.Johnwasconsideringbuyinganewca匚2.1hopeyoudidn'tcontemplatecomingwithusonthistrip.3.Thewitn
3、essdeniedhavingseentheaccusedman.4.1wouldappreciateyourkeepingitasecret.3)某些短语后面只能接动名词，不能接不定式。此类短语常见的有:be(get)usedto,beaccustomedto,bededicatedto,bedevotedto,bebusy,becommittedto,besujectto,cannothelp,cannotresist,cannotstand,confessto,feellike,giveup,havetrouble(in),havedifficulty(in),haveag
4、ood/hardtime(in),havefun(in),haveanobjectionto,itisnogood/use,keepon,insiston,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,putoff,resortto,succeedin等。例如：1.1cannotstandgettingupearlyinthemorning.2.1havenodifficulty(in)reachingthetopofthemountain.3.Thereisnousestayingon.4.1cannotresist(his)bargaining.
5、5.Althoughpunctualhimself,theprofessorwasquiteusedtostudents?beinglateforhislecture.4)动词或短语后面也可以接动名词的被动形式。用主动形式还是被动形式，要根据句了的意思而定。例如：a.Carlosjustmissedbeingcaught・b.Thatpersonworedarkglassestoavoidbeingrecognized.c.Iobjecttobeingtreatedlikeachild・3.另一类动词后面可以带动名词做宾语，也可以带不定式作宾语。这类动词乂可以分为两种：1)带动名
6、词作宾语与带不定式作宾语而意义无多大区别的动词3)在begin,cannotbear,cease,continue,dread,like,love,neglect,omit,prefer,propose等动词之示，如表一般的行为，用动名词作宾语为多；如表示特定的或具体的动作，则用不定式结构作宾语为多。例如：LIdon'tlikeswimming.2.1dorftliketoswimthisafternoon・3.Johnprefersdoingithisway.4Johnpreferstogooutingtomorrow.b）在begin,start等动词之麻，如表示有意的动作，
7、用动名词结构为多；如表示无意的动作，用不定式结构为多。例如：1.Aftersomehesitation,hebeganspeakingouthisownopinion.2.1thasalreadybeguntorain.c）在attempt,intend,plan等动词Z后，用不定式结构与用动名词结构意义相同，但以用不定式较为常见。例如：1.Heintendedtobuyanewcar・2.Heintendedtravellingabroadnextsummer.d）在encou
