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1、第26卷第6期纺织学报Vol.26,No.62005年12月JournalofTextileResearchDec.,2005·综合述评·智能热敏形状记忆聚合物及其应用胡金莲,范浩军(香港理工大学纺织及制衣学系,香港)摘要智能热敏聚合物是一种能够对外界温度的变化发生预定响应,从而使聚合物特定的宏观性能随之发生相应变化的高分子材料,形状记忆聚合物为智能热敏聚合物的一种。聚氨酯、聚降冰片烯、反式1,42聚异戊二烯等均具有形状记忆特性。与形状记忆金属合金相比,形状记忆高分子材料具有质量轻、成本低、形状记忆温度
2、易于调节、易于着色、形变量大、赋形容易,且易于在预定温度下被激发等特点,特别是形状记忆聚氨酯,具有结构2性能易于控制,形状记忆温度选择范围宽(-30～70℃)等优点,因而在生物医学、纺织服饰、玩具、包装、国防军工等诸多领域显示了广阔的应用前景。在纺织领域,具有形状记忆的领带、腹带、服装衬里、胸罩、绷带、运动服、军用作战服、登山服、帐篷等以其抗皱、免烫、防水、透湿、保温、定型等多种功能可通过体温或温度自动调节等智能特性,深受消费者青睐。本文对智能热敏高分子材料的研究和发展进行了回顾,重点介绍了该类材料的结
3、构特征,形状记忆机理及其在纺织、生物医用材料、国防军工等领域的应用前景,并对该类材料的发展前景进行了展望。关键词热敏智能聚合物;形状记忆;结构;机理;应用中图分类号:TQ342119文献标识码:A文章编号:025329721(2005)0620122208Thermal2sensitiveintelligentpolymersandtheirapplicationHUJin2lian,FANHao2jun(InstituteofTextilesandClothing,TheHongKongPolytec
4、hnicUniversity,HongKong,China)AbstractShapememorypolymers(SMPs)hererefertothemal2sensititvepolymerswiththeabilitytosenseandrespondtoextemalstimuliinapredeterminedshape.Somepolymerssuchaspolyurethane,co2polymerofStyreneandButadiene,1,42polyisoprene,crossl
5、inkedPE,etc.werefoundtohaveshapememoryrecoveryability.Ascomparedwithshapememoryalloy,thermal2sensitiveshapememeorypolymershavelowdensity,lowcost,highshaperecovery,areeasytodye,toshapeandtobestimulatedunderexpectedswitchtemperature.Especiallywithpolyureth
6、ane,thestructure2propertyrelationshipsareextremelydiverseandcontrollableandtheshaperecoverytemperaturecanbesetinawiderangefrom-30℃to70℃.Sotheyhavefoundawidespectrumofapplicationsinsuchfieldsasbiomedical,textileandgarment,toy,packagingandmilitaryindustrie
7、s.Smarttextilesarehighlyappreciatedbycustomersforthemultifunctionssuchaswrinkle2free,easy2care,water2proof,moisturevaporpermeable(breathable),warmthretention,shapememeory,andautomaticcontroltokeepthewearercoolerorwamer.Theseproductsincludeoutdoorgarments
8、,sportswear,sleepingbags,tent,bandage,brassiere,bellybandandmilitarycombatwear.Areviewismadeofthethermal2sensitiveintelligentpolymerswithfocusesonthestructuralfeatures,shapememorymechanism,alongwiththeirpotentialapplicatio
