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1、Theshortstory(fiction)OriginandhistoryDevicesandelementsoriginFolktales,ballads,fables,mythsandlegendsofallnationsandallculturesOraltraditionPrintedinthe15thcent.asaliterarygenreallitsown,intheearlydecadesofthe19thcent.theshortfiction(simple,straightforwardnarrativesinproseorverse)andshorts
2、tory(consciouslyorganized,highlyunifiedpieceofliterarycraftsmanship)ConventionsoffictionPlot,CharacterSetting,PointofviewThemeSymbolAllegoryStyletoneThevirtueoftheelementsWorkingtoolsofauthors,criticsandintelligentreaders.Thecommongroundfordiscussing,describing,studying,andultimatelyappreci
3、atingaliteraryworkForthereaderstoorganizetheirresponsestoaworkandtosharethemwithothersplotDefinition:thedeliberatelyarrangedsequenceofinterrelatedeventsthatmakesupitsbasicnarrativestructure.Beginning,middleandendconflictConflict:(oppositions)thecatalysttogenerateasequenceofeventsThebasicopp
4、ositionortensionthatsetstheplotofashortstoryinmotion;itengagesthereader,buildsthesuspenseorthemysteryofthework,andarousesexpectationfortheeventsthataretofollowExternalconflictExternalconflict:oppositionsbetweentheprotagonist(Orheroorthefocalcharacter)andsomeobjectorforceoutsidehimManandnatu
5、re:TheOldManandtheSea;Manandsociety:DaisyMiller;manandman:(protagonistandantagonist):detectivestories.InternalconflictInternalconflict:(theissuetoberesolvedwithintheprotagonisthimself)Focusingontwoormoreelementswithintheprotagonist’sowncharacter:JosephConrad’sHeartofDarknessTraditionalplotF
6、ivedistinctsectionsorstages:Exposition:(unstablesituation)backgroundinformation,thescene,thesituation,action,thecharacterandtheconflict.:FacetoFacewithHurricaneCamilleComplication:(casuallyrelatedevents)therisingactionthatdevelopsandintensifiestheconflictCrisis(climax):theclimaxwheretheplot
7、reachesitspointofgreatestemotionalintensity;theturningpointoftheplotwhichprecipitatingitsresolution.plotFallingaction:oncethecrisisbeingreached,thetensionsubsidesandtheplotmovestowardtheconclusionDenouement(Resolution)stablestituation:thefinalsectionofth
