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1、嘉兴学院南湖学院本科毕业论文外文翻译论文题目：旅游业对杭州经济增长影响的实证分析系另U:经济系专业班级：经济N061学生姓名:沈陈吉夕卜文题目:AMeta・analyticComparisonofRegionalOutputMultipliersatDifferentSpatialLevels:EconomicImpactsofTourism出处：AdvancesinTourismEconomics作者：EvelineS・vanLeeuwen,PeterNijkamp,andPietRietveld原文AMeta-analyticComparisonofRegionalO
2、utputMultipliersatDifferentSpatialevels:EconomicImpactsofTourismEvelineS.vanLeeuwen,PeterNijkamp,andPietRietveld1IntroductionOnalocal(town)scale,tourismismoreandmorebeingregardedasapossibleinstrumenttochangethefuture・Withdecreasingemploymentinagriculture,tourismisoftenseenasanewactivityin
3、theruraleconomy,generatingemploymentandincomeandatthesamelimeembracinglocaltraditionand(landscape)qualities.Overthelastdecades,tourismhasbecomeamajoractivityinoursocietyandanincreasinglyimportantsectorintermsofeconomicdevelopment(GiaoutziandNijkamp2006).Higherincomesandagreateramountoflei
4、suretime,togetherwithimprovedtransportsystemshaveresultedinagrowingflowoftourists,travellingmorefrequentlyandoverlongerdistances.AccordingtoPearce(1981),thesocio-economiceffectsoftourismareverydiverse.Whenfocusingonsmallandmedium-sizedtowns,importanteffectsareregionaldevelopment,diversifi
5、cationoftheeconomyandemploymentopportunities.Becausetourismalsoaddressesmoreruralandperipheralareas,itallowsthespreadofeconomicactivitiesmoreevenlyoveraregion.Intheperipheralareas,tourismcanbehelpfulinimprovingthemultifunctionalityofthelocalarea,leadingtomorerobusteconomicdevelopment.Fina
6、lly,astourismisaratherlabour-intensivesector,alsorequiringunskilledlabour,itcanbeagoodemploymentopportunityforsmallandmediumsizedtowns.rfhishasrecentlypromptedmuchpolicyandresearchinterestinthebenefitsoftourismforregionalincomeandemployment.Policymakersinthegovernmentneedtoknowthemagnitud
7、eoftheimpactofinternationalanddomestictouristexpendituresontheeconomyinordertomakedecisionsaboutbudgetallocationsforthedevelopmentoftouristfacilities(FreemanandSultan1999).Butthereisagreatdealofvariation,andthequestionemergeswhethersuchvariationscanbeascribedtosyste
