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1、TowardsaNewVocabularvMachineandStructure'ThedistinctionIamproposingbetweenmachineandstructureisbasedsolelyonthewayweusethewords;wemayconsiderthatwearemerely'writtendealingwithadevice'ofthekindonehastoinventfordealingwithamathematicalproblem.orwithanaxiomthatma1'havetobereconsideredataparticularst
2、ageofdevelopment,oragainwiththekindofmachineweshallbetalkingabouthere.IwantthereforetomakeitclearthatIamputtingintoparenthesesthelactthat,inrealitv,amachineisinseparablefromitsstructuralarticulationsand,conversely,thateachcontingentslructureisdorninated(andthisiswhatIwanttodemonstrate)byasystemof
3、machines,orattheveryleastbyonelogicmachine.Itseemstomevitaltostartbyestablishingthedistinctioninordertomakeiteasiertoidentif,vthepeculiarpositionsofsubjectivityinrelationtoeventsandtohistory.2Wemaysayofstructurethatitpositionsitselementsbywayofasystemofreferencesthatrel.teseachonetotheothers,insu
4、chawavthatitcanitselfberelatedasanelementtootherstructures.Theagentofaction,whosedefinitionheredoesnotextendbeyondthisprincipleofreciprocaldetermination,isincludedinthestructure.Thestructuralprocessofde-totalizedtotalizationenclosesthesubject,andwillr.lnitiallyintendedlortheFreudianSchoolinParisi
5、nr969,andpublshedinChange,no.te(Seuil),r97r.r.ToadoptthecategoriessuggestedbyGillesDeleuze,structure,inthesenseinwhichIamusingithere,wouldrelatetothegeneralitycharacterizedbyaposirionoiexchangeorsubstitutionofparticularitics,whereasthemachinewouldrelatetotheorderofrepetition'asbehaviourand'1Dview
6、pointrelativetoasingularitythatcannotbechangedorreplaccd'fJ,ire.nuetripitition,PressesUniversitairesdeFrance,I969,p.7).OfDeleuze'sthreeminimumconditionsdeterminingstrucrureingeneral,Ishallretainonlythefirsttwo:(r)Theremustbeatleasttwohetcrogeneousseries,oneofwhichisdefinedasthesignifierandrheorhe
7、rasthesigni6ed.(c)Eachoftheseseriesismadeupoftermsthatexistoni1,throughtheirrelationshipwithoneanother.'tx,oHisthirdcondition,heterogeneousseriesconverginguponaparadoxicalelementthatactssoastodi{lerentiarethem',relates
