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1、Inversion(倒装）一.Definition:英语中，有时为了语法结构的需要（如某些疑问句）或是为了强调，将谓语全部或一部分放在主语之前，主谓倒置，这种语序叫做倒装。二Classification:1完全倒装（FullInversion):谓语动词完全放在主语之前的句子就是完全倒装句。（1）表示方式和方位的副词或介词短here,there,out,in,away,now,then,up,down,off,intheroom,onthewall,onahill,inthevalley,roundthecorn
2、er等置于句首时动词是come,lie,stand,walk,sit等时e.g.Theregoesthebell.铃响了Herecomesthebus.公共汽车来了Outrushedthechildren.孩子们冲了出来Awaywenttheboy.那男孩子走开了Southoftheriverliesasmallfactory.InalecturehallofauniversityinEnglandsitsaprofessor.*但主语是人称代词时，主谓语序不变。Hereitis.Awayhewent.(2)su
3、ch放句首时e.g.SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanandthe20thcentury’sgreatestscientist.此句中的such多被认为是表语，所以such后的be动词应与其后的“真正的主语”保持一致e.g.Sucharethefacts;noonecandeny(否认)them.(3)直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时e.g.“Whatdoesthewordmean?”askedtheboy.“Youshouldhavebeenherefiveminutesearli
4、er,”saidtheteacher.2部分倒装（partialInversion):只把谓语的一部分（多为助动词或情态动词）置于主语之前的句子，叫部分倒装句。(1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。e.g.OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.Onlywhenhereturneddidwefindoutthetruth.*在部分倒装句中如果谓语部分无助动词，则需找助动词来“帮助”它构成倒装。Onlyafterthewarlearnedhethesadnews.(
5、×)Onlyafterthewardidhelearnthesadnews*only修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装。e.g.Onlywhendidhereturndidwefindoutthetruth.(F)Onlywhenhereturneddidwefindoutthetruth(T)*only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。e.g.Onlycanheanswerthequestion.(F)Onlyhecananswerthequestion.(T)(2)否定副词never,nor,not,hardly,litt
6、le,seldom,notonly,scarcely等放句首时e.g.HardlydoIthinkitpossibletofinishthejobbeforedark=Ihardlythinkitpossibletofinishthejobbeforedark.Notasinglemistakedidhemake.=Hedidn’tmakeasinglemistake.NeverbeforehaveIseensuchamovingfilm.=Ihaveneverseensuchamovingfilmbefore.
7、(3)当often,nowhere,innotime,noyonce,manyatime,bynomeans等词位于句首时，常用部分倒装。e.g.NotoncehaveIheardofthis.Manyatimehashegivenusgoodadvice.(4)省略if的倒装句型。如果虚拟语气的条件状语从句中谓语有连系动词were,助动词had或情态动词should等，可省去if,把were,had,或should移到主语之前。e.g.WereInotengagedinmypresentwork,Iwouldb
8、equitewillingtodowhatyouaskedmetodo.Hadtheynotbeenworkingsohard,theywouldn’thaveachievedsomuch.Shouldanyonecall,tellhimtowaitforme.(5)某些表示祝愿的句子用部分倒装。e.g.Mayyousucceed!LongliveFrance!Mayyo
