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1、Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars【阅读理解插花】Themorehoursyoungchildrenspendinchildcare,themorelikelytheyaretoturnoutaggressiveanddisobedientbythetimetheyareinkindergarten,accordingtothelargeststudyofchildcareanddevelopmenteverconducted.Researcherssaidthiscorrelation(相关性)heldtrueregardlessofwhet
2、herthechildrencamefromrichorpoorhomes,werelookedafterbyarelativeoratacenter,andwhethertheyweregirlsorboys.Whatisuncertain,however,iswhetherthechildcareactuallycausestheproblemorwhetherchildrenlikelytoturnoutaggressivehappentobethosewhospendmorehoursinchildcare.Italsoremainsunclearwhetherredu
3、cingtheamountoftimeinchildcarewillreducetheriskthatachildwillturnintoameanperson.What’smore,qualitychildcareisassociatedwithincreasedskillsinintellectualabilitysuchaslanguageandmemory,leadingsomeacademicstosuggestthatchildcareturnsoutchildrenwhoare“smartandnaughty”.Thegovernment-sponsoredres
4、earch,whichhastrackedmorethan1,300childrenat10sitesacrossthecountrysince1991,isboundtocausethedebateoverchildcareagain:Howshouldpeoplebalanceworkandfamily?Andhowshouldparents,especiallymothers,resolvethedemandsthatareplacedonthemtobebothbreadwinnersandsupermoms?Thatdebatewasalreadyondisplaya
5、tanewbriefingyesterday,whereresearchersthemselveshaddifferentopinionsaboutthedataanditsimplications(含义).“Thereisaconstantrelationshipbetweentimeinchildcareandproblembehavior,especiallythoseinvolvingaggression,”saidJayBelskyofBirkbeckCollegeinLondon,oneoftheleadinvestigatorsofthestudywhohaspr
6、eviouslyannoyedwomen’sgroupsbecauseofhiscriticismsofchildcare.“Onbehalfoffathersormothers?”interruptedSarahFriedman,adevelopmentalpsychologistattheNationalInstituteofChildHealthandHumanDevelopment(NICHD)andoneoftheotherleadscientistsonthestudy.“Onbehalfofparentsandfamilies,”respondedBelsky.“
7、NICHDisnotwillingtogetintopolicyremendations,”saidFriedman,contradictinghercolleague.“Thereareotherpossibilitiesthatcanbeentertained.Yesitisaquicksolution—morehoursinchildcareisassociatedwithmoreproblems.Theeasysolutionistocutthenumberofhoursbuttha
