2019高考英语一轮达标Unit2Cloning练题含解析新人教版选修8

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1、Unit2Cloning一、阅读理解。Ifyou'remakingdeterminationforahealthiernewyear,consideragutmakeover(肠道清理)．Changingyourmicrobemunity(微生物群)，however,maynotbeeasy，andnobodyknowshowlongitmighttake.That'sbecausetheecosystemalreadyestablishedinyourgutdetermineshowitabsorbsandprocessesnutrients.Soifthemicrobemunityiny

2、ourguthasbeenshapedbyadailydietofhamburgersandpizza，forexample，itwon'trespondasquicklytoahealthydietasagutshapedbyvegetablesandfruitsthathasamorevariedmicrobemunity.“Thenutritionalvalueoffoodisinfluencedinpartbythemicrobemunitythatencountersthatfood，”saidDrJeffreyGordon，theseniorauthorofthenewpaper

3、anddirectoroftheCenterforGenomeScienceandSystemsBiologyattheWashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicineinSt.Louis.“Nutritionalponentsofahealthydiethavetobeviewedfromtheinsideout，”hesaid，“notjusttheoutsidein.”Oneofthequestionsthestudysetouttoanswerwashowindividualswithdifferentdietsrespondwhentheytrytoimpr

4、ovetheireatinghabits.Thescientistsharvestedgutbacteriafromhumans，transplantedthemintomicebredundergermfreeconditions，andthenfedthemiceeitherAmericanstyleorplantbaseddiets.Thescientiststhenanalyzedchangesinthemice'smicrobemunities.Ofinterest，thescientistsharvestedthegutbacteriafrompeoplewhofolloweds

5、harplydifferentdiets.OnegroupateafairlytypicalAmericandiet，consumingabout3000caloriesaday，highinanimalproteinswithfewfruitsandvegetables.Someoftheirfavoritefoodswereprocessedcheeseandlunchmeat.Theothergroupconsistedofpeoplewhowerecalorierestricted.Theyatelessthan1800caloriesadayandhadcarefullytrack

6、edwhattheyateforatleasttwoyears，stickingtoamostlyplantbaseddietandconsumingfarlessanimalproteinthantheothergroup，athirdfewercarbohydrates(碳水化合物)andonlyhalfthefat.Thiscalorierestrictedgroup，theresearchersfound，hadafarricherandmorediversemicrobemunityinthegutthanthoseeatingatypicalAmericandiet.Theyal

7、socarriedseveralkindsof“good”bacteria，knowntopromotehealth，thatareuniquetotheirplantbaseddiet.“Perhapsthebestwaytoshapeahealthiermicrobemunityistoeatmorefiberbyconsumingmorefruit，vegetables，wholegrains，andn