创业型大学的定义及特征【外文翻译】

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1、外文翻译原文Entrepreneurialuniversity:definitionandcharacteristicsMaterialsource:ScienceandPublicPolicy,35(9),November2008,pages637–646Author:ChunyanZhouandXumeiPengTheentrepreneurialuniversity,combiningteaching,researchandcontributionstoeconomicandsocialdevelopment,hasbeenidentifiedasthe

2、nextstageintheevolutionoftheuniversity(Etzkowitz,2002).IntheUS,thepathofuniversitydevelopmenthasproceededfromteachingtoresearchtoentrepreneurialinanapparentlylinearsequence.However,itmustbeasked,especiallyfordevelopingcountrieseagertospeedthepaceofbothacademicandeconomicdevelopment:

3、isthereanecessarysequencetoachievinganentrepreneurialformat?Mustdevelopmentofresearchcapabilitiesprecedeentrepreneurialactivitiesorcanacademicdevelopmentproceednonlinearlywithentrepreneurshipoccurringsimultaneouslywiththedevelopmentofresearchorevenpriortoit?Whatisanentrepreneurialun

4、iversityandhowcanitberealized?MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)andStanfordUniversityexemplifiedthatitmust:(1)beextrusive(verygood)athigh-techentrepreneurship;(2)haveacritical(quitestrong)influenceontheregionalindustryandeconomy.Theentrepreneurialuniversityisrootedintheevolutio

5、nofuniversitymissions.Thefirstacademicrevolutiongavebirthtotheuniversityresearchfunctionandthe‘researchuniversity’.Theemergenceofasocialservicefunctionand‘entrepreneurialuniversity’isthesecondacademicrevolution.Theuniversitiesnotonlyproduceanddiffuseknowledgebutalsoapplyittoindustri

6、alpractice,thuscreatingnewhigh-techindustries.Theseknowledgeapplicationsalsoimpeltheformationofanentrepreneurialuniversity.Suchauniversitycanspillitsnewtechnologiesoverintoindustrythroughconnectionswithindustries,suchasconsultancy,patentlicensingandtheformationoffirms.Inaddition,som

7、eexternalenvironmentalfactorsareneededtocreateanentrepreneurialuniversitysuchasgovernmentsupportandcollaborationswithindustry.Fromtheoriginsofmodernscienceinthe17thcenturythroughthedevelopmentofacademicscienceintheearly19thcentury,scientistshaveinterwovenresearchandpractice,fundamen

8、talinvestigationand