电力专业术语英汉对照表

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1、突然损失发电机或线路:suddenlossofageneratorortransmissionline.负荷突然增加或减少：suddenloadincreasesordecreases短路和)F关操作:shortcircuitsandswitchingoperations.三相和对地短路：three-phaseandline-to-groundfaults短路器：circuitbreaker暂态过电压和电流:transientovervoltagesandcurrents雷击：lightning

2、strikes电涌放电器：surgearrester相量:phasor,通常用复数phasors瞬时功率：insUmUmeouspower特别地：Inparticular,止弦电压或电流：Asinusoidalvoltageorcurrentatconstantfrequency最人值：maximumvalue有效值：effectivevalue平均值：averagevalue坐标系实轴:realaxis朋标系虚轴：imaginaryaxis扌U量图:phasordiagramfor...无源元

3、件:passiveelements电阻=电感、电容、电抗：resistor,inductor,andcapacitor,reactance,感性、容性：induciive,capacitive有功功率：realpoweroractivepower无功功率：reactivepower功率因数：powerfactor功率因数角：powerfactorangleAsingle-phasesourcedeliverslOOkWtoaloadoperatingatapowerfactorof0.8lagg

4、ing・物理意义：Thephysicalsignificanceof...…与…同相位：•..beinphasewith…Example：Forapurelyresistiveload,thecurrentintotheloadisinphasewiththeloadvoltage・如式(2.1)所示：Asindicatedby(2.1),...…落后(超前)…多少相位：Thecurrentla^s(leads)thevoltageby90.正弦稳态:sinusoidal-steady-stat

5、e让a=b,得到：Lettinga=bgives按照惯例(通常)：Byconvention,thepowerfactorcos(a-b)ispositive.时间区间:atimeintervalT.Example:ThetotalenergyabsorbedbyaloadduringatimeintervalT.额左值：rating,例：额定功率一powerrating；发电机额泄功率一powerratingofelectricgenerator；额泄电压：voltagerating.基尔霍夫电

6、流（电压）方程：Kirchhoffscurrcnt（voltage）law0（P.48）节点方程:nodalequations导纳矩阵:admittancematrix有N个节点电压构成的列相量:columnvectorofNbusvoltages对和元素:diagonalelements非对角元：off-diagonalelements口导纳：sclf-admittancc;driving-pointadmittanceJT导纳：mutualadmittance;transferadmitta

7、nce美国8.14大停电:TheUSblackouton14August,2003…对…将产牛深远影响：TheblackoutwillhavehugetechnicalandorganizationalconsequencesfortheUSpowerindustry.当地仅存的无功电源无法维持电压：Theexistinglocalreactivepowersourceswerenotabletosupportthevoltages.切除线路:trip（tripped）thelines.Thei

8、solatedpailsufferedfromlowvoltageandaseveredeficitofgeneration.电力系统稳泄是扌F・・.：Powersystemstabilityreferstotheabilityofsynchronousmachinestomovefromonesteady-stateoperatingpointfollowingadisturbancetoanothersteady-stateoperatingpoint,withoutlosingsynchr