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1、第九篇:WhatIsaDream?Forcenturies,peoplehavewonderedaboutthestrangethingsthattheydreamabout・Somepsychologistssaythatthisnighttimeactivityofthemindhasnospecialmeaning.Others,however,thinkthatdreamsareanimportantpartofourlives.Infact,manyexpertsbelievethatdreamscantellusaboutapersosmindandemoti
2、ons.Beforemodemtimes,manypeoplethoughtthatdreamscontainedmessagesfromGod・Itwasonlyinthetwentiethcenturythatpeoplestartedtostudydreamsinascientificway.TheAustrianpsychologist,SigmundFreud,wasprobablythefirstpersontostudydreamsscientifically.Inhisfamousbook,TheinterpretationofDreams(1900),F
3、reudwrotethatdreamsareanexpressionsofapersoswishes.Hebelievedthatdreamsallowpeopletoexpressthefeelings,thoughts,andfearsthattheyareafraidtoexpressinreallife.TheSwisspsychiatristCarlJungwasonceastudentofFreud's・Jung,however,hadadifferentideaaboutdreams-Jungbelievedthatthepurposeofadreamwas
4、tocommunicateamessagetothedreamer.Hethoughtpeoplecouldlearnmoreaboutthemselvesbythinkingabouttheirdreams.Forexample,peoplewhodreamaboutfallingmay1earnthattheyhavetoohighanopinionofthemselves.Ontheotherhand,peoplewhodreamaboutbeingheroesmaylearnthattheythinktoolittleofthemselves.Modern-day
5、psychologistscontinuetodeveloptheoriesaboutdreams.Forexample,psychologistWilliamDomhofffromtheUniversityofCalifornia，SantaCruz,believesthatdreamsaretightlylinkedtoaperson，sdailylife,thoughts,andbehavior.Acriminal,forexample,mightdreamaboutcrime・Dornhoffbelievesthatthereisaconnectionbetwee
6、ndreamsandage.Hisresearchshowsthatchildrendonotdreamasmuchasadults.AccordingtoDomhoff,dreamingisamentalskillthatneedstimetodevelop.Hehasalsofoundalinkbetweendreamsandgender.Hisstudiesshowthatthedreamsofmenandwomenaredifferent.Forexample,thepeopleinmen'sdreamsareoftenothermen,andthedreamso
7、fteninvolvefighting.Thisisnottrueofwomon'sdreams.3Domhofffoundthisgenderdiffereneeinthedreamsofpeoplefrom11第九篇:WhatIsaDream?Forcenturies,peoplehavewonderedaboutthestrangethingsthattheydreamabout・Somepsychologistssaythatthisnighttimeactivityofthemindhasnospecialmeani
