细胞生物学实验指导.doc

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1、细胞生物学实验指导编者梁亦龙张继承生物信息学院2004年9月-72-前言细胞是一切生物(包括人类)最基本的结构和功能单位。生命科学中的各个学科领域，甚至非生命科学的许多学科领域中的学者们，越来越多地投入到对细胞生命现象的研究。细胞是生命的载体，不理解细胞就不理解生命。在现代生命科学教学中，不设置细胞生物学课，所培养出来的学生就称不上是完全的生命科学家。在细胞生物学放学中，实验课不可或缺。实验课的基本任务是，让学生学习细胞生物学基本技术，使他们具有一定的实验操作技能，并培养他们树立独立设计实验的思考观念和进行科研的基本素质。我们借鉴兄弟院校的经验编写了这

2、本《细胞生物学实验指导》，供我院开设的各专业选用。由于我们主客观条件所限，而且编写时间仓促，肯定会有不少缺点和错误，请提出批评意见，帮助我们不断改进教学。编者梁亦龙2004年9月-72-目录实验是规则与操作要求····················································1实验一细胞形态及大小的观测·············································2实验二相差和暗视野显微镜的原理、使用及标本观察·························5实验三荧光显微镜原理及应用

3、·············································9实验四电镜参观························································12实验五植物细胞骨架的显示及光镜观察····································14实验六人淋巴细胞染色体标本制作·········································15实验七人淋巴细胞姐妹染色体区分染色·····································1

4、7实验八碱性磷酸酶的显示················································19实验九叶绿体的制备及其对染料的还原·····································22实验十人体细胞核型图的制作·············································24实验十一线粒体的分离及活性测定·········································27-72-实验十二联会复合体的染色与观察························

5、·················32实验十三细胞融合·······················································33实验十四死、活细胞鉴别················································39实验十五细胞固定染色法·················································41实验十六早熟染色体凝集（PCC）·········································43实验十七细胞同步化····

6、·················································46实验十八动物染色体分带技术············································48实验十九线粒体的显示··················································50实验二十植物愈伤组织培养以及再分化·····································52实验二十一肿瘤细胞培养实验步骤····································

7、····57实验二十二细胞器的分离················································62实验二十三-72-石蜡切片的制作···············································66实验室规则与操作要求为获得较好的实验结果，避免发生差错与意外事故，特制定以下规则与要求，希望实验者能严格遵守。（一）显微镜的使用及保护①显微镜是细胞生物学实验的主要观察工具，使用时必须注意保持外观整洁、防湿、防高温、防药品侵蚀，使用时勿使染液或其它溶液沾污镜头，一旦沾污，及时用擦镜纸蘸上镜头清

8、洗液（无水乙醚：无水乙醇＝7：3）轻轻擦拭干净。②带光源的显微镜待电压稳定后，将电源的光亮度调