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1、任务型阅读专练六Passage1Arewetooquicktoblameandslowtopraise?Itseemsthatwhilemostofusareonlytooreadytoapplytoothersthecoldwindofcriticism,wearesomehowunwillingtogiveothersthewarmsunshineofpraise.It’sstrangehowmeanweareaboutpraising.Perhapsit’sbecausefewofusknowhowtoacceptpraisegrace
2、fully.Instead,weareembarrassedandignorethewordswearereallysogladtohear.Becauseofthisdefensivereaction,directpraiseissurprisinglydifficulttogive.Doyouevergointoahouseandsay,“Whatatidyroom!”Hardlyanybodydoes.That’swhyhouseworkisconsideredsuchaboringjob.Shakespearesaid,“Ourpra
3、isesareourwages.”Sincesooftenpraiseistheonlywageahousewifereceives,surelysheisworthyofpraise.Mothersknownaturallythatforchildrenanounceofpraiseisworthapoundofscolding.Still,weareunawareofchildren’ssmallachievementsandweseldomapplytherule.OnedayIwascriticizingmychildrenforqu
4、arrelling.“Canyouneverplaypeacefully?”Ishouted.Susannalookedatmeconfused.“OfcourseIcan,”shesaid.“Butyoudon’tnoticeuswhenwedo.”Teachersagreeaboutthevalueofpraise.“Ibelievethatastudentknowswhenhehashandedinsomethingabovehisusualstandard,”writesateacher,“andthatheishungryforab
5、eliefcommentinthemargintoshowhimthattheteacherisawareofit,too.”Behavioralscientistshavedonecountlessexperimentstoprovethatpeoplehaveatendencytorepeatanactwhichhasbeenimmediatelyfollowedbyapleasantresult.Inonesuchexperiment,anumberofschoolchildrenweredividedintothreegroupsan
6、dgivenarithmetictestsdailyforfivedays.Onegroupwasconstantlypraisedforitspreviousperformance;anothergroupwascriticized;thethirdwasignored.Notsurprisingly,thosewhowerepraisedimproveddramatically.Thosewhowerecriticizedimproved,too,butnotsomuch.Andthescoresofthechildrenwhowerei
7、gnoredhardlyimprovedatall.Interestingly,thebrightestchildrenwerehelpedjustasmuchbycriticismasbypraise,butthelessablechildren,whoreactedbadlytocriticism,neededpraisethemost.Togivepraisecoststhegivernothingbutamoment’sthoughtandamoment’seffort—perhapsaquickphonecalltopassongo
8、odcomments,orwriteanappreciativeletter.Itissuchasmallinvestment—andyetconsiderther
