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1、外科学绪论IntroductionofSurgery一、现代外科学的发展DevelopmentofModernSurgery解剖学AnatomyJohnHunter(1728-1793),thefatherofexperimentalsurgeryandasuperbanatomistandteacher.麻醉AnesthesiaWillamt.G.Morton(1819-1868),aBostondentistwhosesuccessfuldemonstrationofetheranesthesiaonOctober16,1846,attheMassachusettsGne
2、eralHospitalwasalandmarkinthehistoryofsurgery3.抗菌术AntisepsisJosephLister(1827-1912),theoriginatorofantisepticsurgery输血BloodtransfusionRichardLewisohn(1875-1961),asurgeonattheMountSinaiHospital,introducedthemoderntechniqueofbloodtransfusion,developedfromhisdiscoveryofamethodofpreventingcoagu
3、lationofthebloodoutsidethebody.KarlLandsteiner(1868-1943),oneofthefirstscientiststostudythephysicalprocessesofimmunity.Heisbestknownforhisidentificationandcharacterizationofthehumanbloodgroups,A,B,andO.TheodorKocher(1841-1917),professorofsurgeryattheUniversityofBerneandpioneerinthedevelopme
4、ntofsurgeryofthethyoid.HereceivedtheNobelPrizein1909.TheodorBillroth(1829-1894),professorattheUniversityofViennaandpioneerabdominalsurgeon,Billrothwasoneofthemostinfluentialteachersofhistime.Innovators&PioneersinSurgeryJohnH.Gibbon(1903-1973),pioneercardiothoracicsurgeonwhodevelopedextracor
5、porealcirculation.AlexisCarrel(1873-1944),anexperimentalsurgeoninterestedinwoundhealing,tissueculture,organtransplantation,andbloodvesselanastomosis.HewasawardedtheNobelPrizein1912.傅培彬(1912-1989),瑞金医院外科创始人1954二尖瓣分离Commissurotomyofmitralstenosis1958大面积灼伤SevereBurn1963断肢再植Replantationofcutlim
6、b1977肝移植The1stcaseofLivertransplantation1978心脏移植The1stcaseofHearttransplantation1990s-二医外科全面发展灼伤外科、消化外科、胆胰外科Burnsurg,DigestiveS.,P.Biliary口腔外科、整形外科、小儿心脏外科StomatologicalS.PlasticS.PediatricCardioS.TheroleofSSMUinthedevelopmentofsurgeryinChina二、外科学范畴CategoryofSurgery外科疾病分类ClassificationofSurg
7、icalDiseases1)损伤Trauma—mechanicalthermalchemicalelectrical……2)感染Infection3)肿瘤NeoplasiaBenign,Malignant4)畸形AnatomicalabnormalitiesCongenital,Acquired5)内分泌功能失调Metabolic&Hormonaldisorder6)梗塞与缺血Infarction&Ischamia7)其它Others梗阻Obstruction寄生虫病Parasitediseases静脉
