物流系统中心选址模型简介.ppt

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1、Facilitylocationmodelsfordistributionsystemdesign物流系统设计的选址模型IntroductionTypesofmodelsGeneralmethodsThedesignofthedistributionsystemisastrategicissueforalmosteverycompany.Theproblemoflocatingfacilitiesandallocatingcustomerscoversthecoretopicsofdistributionsystemdesign.Introduction

2、Industrialfirmsmustlocatefabrication(制造厂)andassemblyplants(组装厂)aswellaswarehouses(仓库).Storeshavetobelocatedbyretailoutlets(零售网点).Theabilitytomanufactureandmarketitsproductsisdependentinpartonthelocationofthefacilities.Similarly,governmentagencieshavetodecideaboutthelocationofoffi

3、ces,schools,hospitals,firestations,etc.Ineverycase,thequalityoftheservicesdependsonthelocationofthefacilitiesinrelationtootherfacilities.TypesofmodelsTheproblemoflocatingfacilitiesisnotnewtotheoperationsresearchcommunity(运筹学);thechallengeofwheretobestsitefacilitieshasinspiredaric

4、h,colorfulandevergrowingbodyofliterature.Tocopewiththemultitudeofapplications(众多应用)encounteredinthebusinessworldandinthepublicsector,aneverexpandingfamilyofmodelshasemerged.Facilitylocationmodelscanbebroadlyclassifiedasfollows:Theshapeortopographyofthesetofpotentialplantsyieldsmo

5、delsintheplane,networklocationmodels(网络选址模型),anddiscretelocation(离散选址)ormixed-integerprogrammingmodels(混合正数规划模型),respectively.Objectives(目标函数)maybeeitheroftheminsumortheminmaxtype.Minsummodelsaredesignedtominimizeaveragedistanceswhileminmaxmodelshavetominimizemaximumdistances.Pre

6、dominantly(此外),minsummodelsembracelocationproblemsofprivatecompanieswhileminmaxmodelsfocusonlocationproblemsarisinginthepublicsector.Modelswithoutcapacityconstraintsdonotrestrict(限制)demandallocation.Ifcapacityconstraintsforthepotentialsiteshavetobeobeyeddemandhastobeallocatedcare

7、fully.Inthelattercasewehavetoexaminewhethersingle-sourcing(单来源)ormultiple-sourcing(多来源)isessential.Single-stagemodels(单阶段模型)focusondistributionsystemscoveringonlyonestageexplicitly.Inmulti-stagemodels(多阶段模型)theflowofgoodscomprisingseveralhierarchical(层次)stageshastobeexamined.Sing

8、le-productmodels(单产品模型)arecharacterizedb