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1、、毕业设计（论文）外译文题目：轴承的摩擦与润滑2010年10月15日外文文献原文：Friction,LubricationofBearingInmanyoftheproblemthusfar,thestudenthasbeenaskedtodisregardorneglectfriction.Actually,frictionispresenttosomedegreewhenevertwopartsareincontactandmoveoneachother.Thetermfrictionreferst
2、otheresistanceoftwoormorepartstomovement.Frictionisharmfulorvaluabledependinguponwhereitoccurs.frictionisnecessaryforfasteningdevicessuchasscrewsandrivetswhichdependuponfrictiontoholdthefastenerandthepartstogether.Beltdrivers,brakes,andtiresareadditional
3、applicationswherefrictionisnecessary.Thefrictionofmovingpartsinamachineisharmfulbecauseitreducesthemechanical11advantageofthedevice.Theheatproducedbyfrictionislostenergybecausenoworktakesplace.Also,greaterpowerisrequiredtoovercometheincreasedfriction.Hea
4、tisdestructiveinthatitcausesexpansion.Expansionmaycauseabearingorslidingsurfacetofittighter.Ifagreatenoughpressurebuildsupbecausemadefromlowtemperaturematerialsmaymelt.Therearethreetypesoffrictionwhichmustbeovercomeinmovingparts:(1)starting,(2)sliding,an
5、d(3)rolling.Startingfrictionisthefrictionbetweentwosolidsthattendtoresistmovement.Whentwopartsareatastateofrest,thesurfaceirregularitiesofbothpartstendtointerlockandformawedgingaction.Toproducemotionintheseparts,thewedge-shapedpeaksandvalleysofthestation
6、arysurfacesmustbemadetoslideoutandovereachother.Therougherthetwosurfaces,thegreaterisstartingfrictionresultingfromtheirmovement.Sincethereisusuallynofixedpatternbetweenthepeaksandvalleysoftwomatingparts,theirregularitiesdonotinterlockoncethepartsareinmot
7、ionbutslideovereachother.Thefrictionofthetwosurfacesisknownasslidingfriction.Asshowninfigure,startingfrictionisalwaysgreaterthanslidingfriction.Rollingfrictionoccurswhenrollerdevcesaresubjectedtotremendousstresswhichcausethepartstochangeshapeordeform.Und
8、ertheseconditions,thematerialinfrontofarollertendstopileupandforcestheobjecttorollslightlyuphill.Thischangingofshape,knownasdeformation,causesamovementofmolecules.Asaresult,heatisproducedfromtheaddedenergyrequiredtokeepthe
