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1、高一英语初高中衔接练习第二讲英语句型结构与句子成分划分一、句子类型(1)、简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）构成的句子。1)简单句的类别1.陈述句（肯定句、否定句）2.疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意3.祈使句4.感叹句（How+adj.(+S+V)!What+n.(+S+V)!2)简单句的基本词序主语谓语宾语状语Iboughtahatyesterday.Thechildrenranhome.Thetaxidrivershoutedatmeangrily.Weateo
2、urmealinsilence.Thecarstoppedsuddenly.Ayounggirlwalkedconfidentlyonthestage.(2)、并列句：由两个或两个以上等立而又相互独立的简单句构成，两个简单句由并列连词连在一起。其结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句1.Ihelphimandhehelpsme.2.Hefailedmanytimesbuthewasn’tdiscouraged.3.Wemusthurry,orweshallmissthetrain.4.Notonlydi
3、dhewritetousbutalsohecamehereyesterday.5.Eitherhedidn’tspeakclearlyorIdidn’thearwell.(3)、复合句：简单句中的某一个成分由一个句子来充当。1.名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句1)Whathesaidjustnowisright.2)Hesaidthathehadseenthefilm.3)Thisiswhyhedidn’tgotoschool.4)Thenewsthathehaspassedt
4、heexammademehappy.引导名词性从句的连词有:that,which,if,whether,who,whom,whose,when,how,where,why,ever.2.修饰性（形容词性）从句：定语从句1)ThemanwhoisstandingthereisWhite.2)Thebuildingwhichwasbuiltisaschool.3)ThisistheplacewhereIlived.引导定语从句的连词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,when,wh
5、ere,why.3.副词性从句：状语从句(条件、时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、比较、让步状语从句）引导状语从句的连词有：5when,while,as,assoonas,after,since,until,till,where,if,unless,because,inorderthat,so…that…,though,wherever,whenever,as…as,notso…as,than二.句子成分划分<1>.讨论题:找出下列句子中相应的成分：1.Subject(主语)Thesunrise
6、sintheeast.2.Predicate.（谓语）WestudyEnglish.3.Object（宾语）WeloveChina.4.Predictive（表语）WeareChinese.5.Attributive/Attribute（定语）Thisisadifficultproblem.6.Completement(补语)Weelectedhimmonitor.7.Adverbial（状语）Herunsfast.8.Appositive（同位语）ThisisMissZou,myteacher.
7、9.Parenthesis（插入语）Tobefrank,Idon’tagreewithyou.<2>句子成分的分类1.主语:主语表示句子要说明的人或事物。一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。1)Thestudentsstudyhard.2)Heusuallygoestoschoolat7:30.3)Oneandonemaketwo.4)Totellalieiswrong.5)Learningaforeignlanguagetakesalongtime.6)WhotaughtyouEngli
8、shlastyear?2.谓语:说明主语的动作或状态。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致(1)由动词的各种时态语态表示。1)Hegoestoschooleveryday.2)Theyareswimming.3)Shecaughtupwiththeothersveryquickly.4)ThiskindofmachineismadeinChina.(2)由“情态动词+动词原形”表示。WemustworkhardatEnglish.Therecordercanberepaire
