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1、AcknowledgementManypeoplehavehelpedusinfinalizingthishandbook.Theyhaveourgreatappreciationforthelonghoursandhardworktheydevotedtoconductingresearchanddevelopingthecontent.Withouttheircontinuousassistance,thishandbookwouldnothavebeenrealized.WewouldespeciallyliketothankDr.Haij
2、unZengfromtheSmartLearningInstituteofBeijingNormalUniversityandDr.ChangjieChenfromtheNetDragonWebsoftInc.,fortheirprofessionalrecommendationsonthehandbookframework.SpecialthanksalsogotoRongxiaZhuangfromtheSmartLearningInstituteofBeijingNormalUniversityfororganizingmeetingstod
3、evelopthecontentandmanagingtheevolutionofthishandbookfromasimpleframeworktoawell-structuredcontent.Ouracknowledgementisalsoextendedtotheresearcherswhoputalotofeffortsinfindinganddevelopingthecontent.TheresearchteamincludesAhmedTlili,JunfengYang,HuanhuanWang,MuhuaZhang,BojunGa
4、o,HangLu,Ting-WenChang,QianCheng,XiayuYin,WeiCheng.WeacknowledgewithgratitudethoseexpertsfromtheSmartLearningInstituteofBeijingNormalUniversity(SLIBNU),UNESCOInternationalResearchandTrainingCentreforRuralEducation(UNESCOINRULED),UNESCOInstituteforInformationTechnologiesinEduc
5、ation(UNESCOIITE),theInternationalAssociationofSmartLearningEnvironment(IASLE),theArabLeague'sEducational,CulturalandScientificOrganization(ALECSO),andEdmodofortheirprofessionalfeedbackandcommentsduringthepreparationofthishandbook.ContentsExecutiveSummary11.UnderstandingFlexi
6、bleLearningduringEducationalDisruption21.1Flexiblelearning21.2Characteristicsofflexiblelearning31.3Dimensionsofflexibility32ApplyingOnlineLearningtoProvideFlexibleEducation92.1Technologyenhancedlearning92.2Whatisonlinelearning102.3Howtoprovideonlinelearning112.4Coreelementsfo
7、rsupporting“DisruptedClasses,UndisruptedLearning”133EnsuringReliableNetworkInfrastructure154UtilizingFriendlyLearningTools175AdoptingSuitableDigitalLearningResources215.1Evaluatethesuitabilityofdigitallearningresources215.2Theavailabledigitallearningresourcesfordifferentlevel
8、sofeducation226FacilitatingEffectiveOnlineTeachingandLearning266.1In