高能磷酸键中。二、能量代谢的测定原理和方法依据热力.ppt

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1、EnergyMetabolismandBodyTemperatureEnergymetabolismDefinitionThemetabolicprocessesbywhichenergyismadeavailablefortheuseofthebodyThemainsourcesofchemicalenergyarecarbohydrates,fats,andprotein.(Hypothalamus:thetemperature-,andthefoodintake-regulatingsystem)Thebreakdownoforganicmolec

2、ulesliberatestheenergyandATPsynthesis.ThebreakdownofATPservesastheimmediateenergysourseforbiologicalwork.Growth,repair,andphysicalactivity…...EnergysourcesCarbohydrates-mainlyglucoseMajorsource:>70%ofthetotalenergyBytheway,averageAmericansreceiveabout15%fromprotein(4Caloriespergra

3、m),40%fromfat(9Calories),and45%fromcarbohydrates(4Calories)ATPissynthesizedandstoredByglycolysisBycitricacidcycle(Krebscycle)1gofcarbohydratecontains4Calories.EnergysourcesFat–fattyacidsMajorformofenergystorageThestorageoffatinthebodyismuchgreaterthanthatofglucoseAlternativeenergy

4、source1goffatcontains9CaloriesEnergysourcesProteinsTheamountofenergyprovidedbyproteinsisrelativelysmallinhumanbeing1gofproteincontains4CaloriesProteinwillbecomethemajorenergysourcetomaintaintheessentialvitalactivitiesinspecialconditionsATP:“EnergyCurrency”ATPisgeneratedbycombustio

5、n/consumptionofcarbohydrates,fatsandproteinsEnergyfromATPcanbeusedbythecellsfor:SynthesisandgrowthMuscularcontractionGlandularsecretionNerveconductionActiveabsorptionPhosphocreatine:anATP“buffer”Phosphocreatine(orcreatinephosphate)issynthesizedintheliverservesasarapidlymobilizable

6、reserveofhigh-energyphosphatesinskeletalmuscleandbrain.PhosphocreatinecananaerobicallydonateaphosphategrouptoADPandtoATPduringanintensemuscularorneuronaleffort.EnergytransferThemetabolismoffoodyieldschemicalenergyandheat.HeatistheendproductofalmostalltheenergyreleasedinthebodyAbou

7、t60%oftheenergyreleasedfromorganicmoleculesappearsimmediatelyasheat.Therestisusedforwork.MetabolicrateTotalenergyexpenditureperhourNormallyexpressedintermsoftherateofheatliberationduringthechemicalreactionsUnitofenergyiscalorieMeasurementofenergymetabolismDirectcalorimetryIndirect

8、calorimetryHowdowemeasureenergyme