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1、JohnSteinbeck约翰·斯坦贝克(1902-1968)SocialbackgroundTheGreatDepressionin1930sTheWallStreetcrashinOct.24,1929,“thebottomdroppedofthestockmarket”Result:a.Thedimdecadeof1930sreplacedtheglittering1920s. Banksfailed,factoriesclosedandagriculturewithered;Joblessmillionsroamedthestreet;theb
2、readlessstretchedlong;Absolutepovertyandstruggledforsurvivalisanightmarishexperienceoflife.thenalotofpeoplewentalongtheHighway66tocalifornia，hopingtofindjobs，landsdignitiesandtheirfuturesb.ThephysicalwastelandreplacedthespritualwastelandrepresentedbyT.S.EliotThereasonoftheGreatD
3、epressionKeynes:themarketforreducingaggregatedemandofgoods,isthemainreasonfortherecession→advocatedspendingtostimulatetheeconomy.Bernanke:theriseoftheU.S.consumerlendingtrend.Friedman:excessivegovernmentinterventioncause.ThereasonoftheGreatDepression1tariffbarriers:U.S.toraiseta
4、riffstoprotectdomesticindustries,resultingininternationaltradeisshrinking.2deformityprosperity:thestockroseafterthewar,manypeoplecrazyintothestockmarket,resultinginsoaringstockunreasonable.ThereasonoftheGreatDepression3.overproduction:postwarnationaleconomicgood,themajorityofent
5、erprisestoexpandproductionandleadtooverproduction.4.WorldSport:largenumberofU.S.capitalinflowsovertheworld,theUnitedStatesaffectedtheglobaleconomy。5.EffectsofwarTheprocessoftheGreatDepressionOctober24,1929,theWallStreetstockmarketcrashafewdaysofasudden,alotofbanks,factoryclosure
6、s,lockouts,commercialrecession,increasingunemployment.Diffusion:stockmarket→Industrial→financial→Europe10Majorworks1.Firstnovel:CupofGold(1929)《金杯》2TortillaFlat3.Worker’sTrilogy:a.InDubiousBattle(1936)《胜负未决》---Aboutthestrikebymigrantfarm-workersb.OfMiceandMen(1937)《人鼠之间》---themu
7、tualdependenceandshareddreamsofmigrantfarm-workers11c.TheGrapesofWrath(1939)《愤怒的葡萄》(hismasterpieceforwhichSteinbeckreceivedtheNobelPrizeforitin1962)4.TheMoonIsDown(1942)《月亮下去了》5.EastofGarden(1952)《伊甸园以东》Withtheendofthedecadecamethestockmarketcrashof1929andtheGreatDepressionofthe
8、1930s，cataclysmiceventsthatshatteredpubliccompl
