曼昆经济学课件.ppt

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1、InterdependenceandtheGainsfromTradeChapter3Copyright©2001byHarcourt,Inc.Allrightsreserved.  Requestsforpermissiontomakecopiesofanypartoftheworkshouldbemailedto:PermissionsDepartment,HarcourtCollegePublishers,6277SeaHarborDrive,Orlando,Florida32887-6777.Interdependenc

2、eandTradeConsideryourtypicalday:YouwakeuptoanalarmclockmadeinKorea.YoupouryourselfsomeorangejuicemadefromorangesgrowninFlorida.YouputonsomeclothesmadeofcottongrowninGeorgiaandsewninfactoriesinThailand.YouwatchthemorningnewsbroadcastfromNewYorkonyourTVmadeinJapan.Youdrivet

3、oclassinacarmadeofpartsmanufacturedinahalf-dozendifferentcountries.…andyouhaven’tbeenupformorethantwohoursyet!Harcourt,Inc.itemsandderiveditemscopyright©2001byHarcourt,Inc.InterdependenceandTradeRemember,economicsisthestudyofhowsocietiesproduceanddistributegoodsinanattemp

4、ttosatisfythewantsandneedsofitsmembers.Howdowesatisfyourwantsandneedsinaglobaleconomy?Wecanbeeconomicallyself-sufficient.Wecanspecializeandtradewithothers,leadingtoeconomicinterdependence.InterdependenceandTradeAgeneralobservation...Individualsandnationsrelyonspecializedp

5、roductionandexchangeasawaytoaddressproblemscausedbyscarcity.InterdependenceandTradeBut,thisgivesrisetotwoquestions:Whyisinterdependencethenorm?Whatdeterminesproductionandtrade?Whyisinterdependencethenorm?Interdependenceoccursbecausepeoplearebetteroffwhentheyspecializeandt

6、radewithothers.Whatdeterminesthepatternofproductionandtrade?Patternsofproductionandtradearebasedupondifferencesinopportunitycosts.Imagine...onlytwogoods:potatoesandmeatonlytwopeople:apotatofarmerandacattlerancherWhatshouldeachproduce?Whyshouldtheytrade?AParablefortheModer

7、nEconomyTheProductionOpportunitiesoftheFarmerandtheRancherHarcourt,Inc.itemsandderiveditemscopyright©2001byHarcourt,Inc.Self-SufficiencyByignoringeachother:Eachconsumeswhattheyeachproduce.Theproductionpossibilitiesfrontierisalsotheconsumptionpossibilitiesfrontier.Withoutt

8、rade,economicgainsarediminished.ProductionPossibilitiesFrontiersPotatoes(pounds)Meat(pounds)4212