国际经济学 Chapter ppt课件.ppt

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1、InternationalEconomicstheoryandpolicyPaulR.KrugmanMauriceObstfeldChaper2LaborProductivityandComparativeAdvantage:TheRicardianModelAbsoluteadvantagetheory(absolutecosttheory)TheconceptofcomparativeadvantageOne-factoreconomyTradeinone-factorworldMisconceptionsaboutcomparativeadvantageCompa

2、rativeadvantagewithmanygoodsTransportcostsandnontradedgoodsSummaryandhomework1、AdamSmith’sAbsoluteAdvantageTheoryAdamSmithandthe"WealthofNations"       AdamSmith,atypicalrepresentativeofBritishclassicaleconomics,publishedhisgreatestbook"WealthofNations"in1776,whichcriticizedthebasisofme

3、rcantilism,andfirstproposedtheabsolutecosttheory.Thistheoryhasbecomeapioneerinthetheoryoffreetradenow.TheHypothesisofAbsoluteAdvantageTwocountriesAandB,withonefactorofproduction(labor),producetwodifferentcommoditiesXandY.CountryAhastheabsoluteadvantageinX’sproductioncomparedwithcountryB,

4、whilethecountryBhastheabsoluteadvantageinY’sproductioncomparedwithcountryA.Ignoretransportationcosts,tradebarriersandotherimpactofexogenousvariables.WhatisAbsoluteAdvantage?绝对成本是指在某种商品的生产上，一国所需要的劳动成本绝对低于另一国，在劳动生产率上占有绝对优势。ThecontentoftheabsoluteadvantagetheoryAbsoluteadvantagetheoryfocuse

5、sontwocontents:theinternationallabordivisionandfreetrade.Infact,undertheconditionsofabsolutecostadvantages,thetwonationsgettheirownbenefitsthroughinternationaltradeinatwo-stepway.Next,wewilluseaexampletoelaboratetheabsoluteadvantagetheoryinordertogetitsmaincontentandmainresults.Example:T

6、heworldhasonlytwocountries:ChinaandU.S..ChinacanproduceChinesekungfumoviesonceamonth,andU.S.canonlyproduce0.8permonth;butU.S.canproduceasci-fimoviespermonth,andChinacanonlyproduce0.5permonth.Audiencesineachcountryarewillingtoenjoybothkindsofmovies,andeachcountry'sfilmmakerscanonlyinthesa

7、meperiodproduceafilm.Sotheinternationaltradebetweenthetwocountrieswillbringaboutwhatkindofresults?HalfforkungfuandHalfforSci-fiIfthetwocountiesspenthalfofayearonmakingkungfufilmandhalfonSci-fifilm,whatwouldhappenontheworld'stotalbenefits?Inayear,Chinacanproducesixkungfufi