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大小:42.00 KB
页数:6页
时间:2021-12-30
《Field_4Ce_IM_Ch19》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、Field&OlewilerEnvironmentalEconomics4Ce–Instructor’sManualChapter19Chapter19LOCALENVIRONMENTALISSUES:RECYCLING,SOLIDWASTEDISPOSALANDLANDUSEObjectiveTheaimistogetstudentstoappreciatethatlocalgovernmentsareresponsibleforalargenumberofactivitiesthataffectenvironmenta
2、lquality,andtointroducethemtotheanalyticsofseveralrepresentativeprogramsforwhichtheinitiativecomeslargelyatthenonfederallevel.MainPointsThechapterbeginswithsomedescriptivematerialonenvironmentalexpendituresatthefederal,provincial,andlocallevels.Thekeypointsareobvi
3、ousfromTable19-1:localgovernmentsarefinanciallyresponsibleforthebasiccomponentsofenvironmentalquality--watersupplyandpurification,sewage,andgarbagecollection.Overthetimeperiodexaminedupto1990to1991,localgovernmentsalsofacedthelargestrateofgrowthinexpendituresforal
4、lenvironmentalimprovementscomparedtofederalandprovincialgovernments.Totalexpendituresbylocalgovernmentsfellthroughoutthe1990sduetogovernmentcutbacks.Althoughfundingforenvironmentalprogramsisresumingattheprovincialandnationallevels,budgetsarestilllimitedatthemunici
5、pallevel.Theperiodofrestrainthasledtodeteriorationofinfrastructureatthelocallevel(forexampleseeWalkertoncrisis;chapter16)promptinganincreasedinterestineconomicinstrumentssuchasuserfees.Thereisalsoincreasedcontractingouttoprivatefirmsgeneratingsomepublicresistance.
6、Welookatthecomponentsofthelocalgovernmentresponsibilities,startingwithsolidwastes.Theeconomicsofrecyclingdominatesthischapter.Asnotedbelow,thisisbecausestudentscan'tseemtogetenoughofthistopicanditisimportanttoshowtheroleofeconomicanalysis.Weusesimplemarketmodelsto
7、illustrateanumberofpointsaboutefficientwastedisposal.Thechaptertakesacriticalapproachtorecyclingemphasizingthatitisonewaytodecreasesolidwaste.Inthepreviousedition,watertreatment,sewagedisposalandgroundwaterprotectionwerecoverednext.ThistopicisnowexaminedinChapter1
8、6andstudentscanberemindedthattheseactivitiesareinlargepartamunicipalresponsibility.Thechapterconcludeswithadiscussionofland-usecontrolpolicies.Whilether
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