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十六Unit6Startingout&Understandingideas 【语用训练】Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空1.Whichplatformis_______(steady),TaobaoorPinduoduo?2.Itishardtoadaptto_______(Tibet)climateandairpressure.3.Thecurrentsituationofthefamilyisduetothetrafficaccidentthreeyearsago,whichcauseda_______(mass)losstothem.4.Whatisthematterwiththeguy,whohasbeen__________(wander)fortwohoursbynow?steadierTibetanmassivewandering 5.Hemusthavegotsomethingfine,becausehehasbeensmiling________(leisure)foralongtime.6.HowmuchdoyouknowaboutMissZhang,whoisaslimand_______(delicate)lookingTVpresenter?7.Howmany__________(landmark)canyoumarkoutonthenewsilkroad?8.Thegreatwallisawonderintheworldwhich______(wind)amongthemountainsofnorthernChina.leisurelydelicatelandmarkswinds Ⅱ.选词填空catchone’seye;beaboutto;thanksto;workon;overcomethechallengesof;abovesealevel;reachout;bring...tolife;belocatedat;atone’sleisure1.Maybeyoucanteachmehowto________acomputersomeday.2.Theseoldmenandwomenusuallygotodance_____________.3.Theaccidenthappenedasthejet___________takeoff.4.Ifwekeepthatspiritalive,thenIknowthatwewill_______________________ourtime.workonattheirleisurewasabouttoovercomethechallengesof 5.Themomentatouristenterstheforest,oneamazingviewafteranotherwill___________.6.TheMuseum___________theedgeoftheairfield.Ingeneral,exhibitsareingoodcondition.7.MountEverest,locatedattheborderbetweenChinaandNepal,is8848.86meters_____________,thehighestpeakintheworld.8.Letus_________ourhandstocatchafallingleafandwriteourwordsonit.catchhiseyeislocatedatabovesealevelreachout 9.Hisaim,inwhichhesucceedsproudly,isto_____thecultureofthetime_____.10._________hisassistance,wegotoutofthedarkcavesafely.bringtolifeThanksto Ⅲ.完成句子1.Wecansee___________________aftersufferingadisaster,whichwillhelpusrecognizetruefriendship.经历一场灾难以后,我们可以看出谁更在乎我们。灾难可以帮助我们辨别真正的友谊。2._______________________________,Ilockedmypetbeforeansweringthedoor.知道你害怕狗,我在开门之前把我的宠物锁上了。whocaresforusmoreKnowingthatyouareafraidofdogs 3.I__________________________ifIkeepitup,butit’shardtogetenoughdetermination.我知道如果坚持下去我肯定能成功,但是很难有足够的决心。4.We___________________foralongperiod,butuptonow,therehasbeennosignofpossibility.我们已经尝试了很久。但是,到目前为止,还没有可能的迹象。5.Ecosystemis______________thatit’snecessaryforusalltoofferadevotion.生态系统太难维持了,所以我们都有必要出一份力。amawarethatIamtosucceedhavebeenattemptingsohardtokeep 【主题阅读】Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2021·南昌高二检测)Thelightfromthecampfirebrightenedthedarkness,butitcouldnotpreventthedampcoldofDennis’sSwamp(沼泽地)creepingintotheirbones.Itwasastrangeplace.MartinandTomwishedthattheyhadnotacceptedJack’sdare.Theylikedcamping,butnotnearthisswamp. “So,”Martinaskedastheysatwatchingthehotcoals.“Howdidthisplacegetitsname?”“Areyousureyouwanttohearit?It’sascarystory,”warnedJack.“Ofcourse!”criedoutTom.“Iftherewereanythingtobescaredof,youwouldn’thavechosenthisplace!”“OK,butdon’tsayIdidn’twarnyou,”saidJack,andhebeganthistale. “Waybackintime,amancalledDennistriedtostartafarmhere.Hebuiltthatcottageovertheretolivein.Inthosedays,thearealookedquitedifferent—itwascoveredwithtalltreesandtheswampwasacrystal-clearriver.Afterthreehardyears,Dennishadclearedseveralfieldsandplantedcrops.Hewassoproudofhissuccessthatherefusedtolistentoadvice.“Youareclearingtoomuchland,”warnedoneoldman.“Thelandisalivingthing.Itwillhitbackatyouifyouabuseit.”“Sillyfool,”saidDennistohimself.“IfIclearmoreland,Icangrowmorecrops.I’llbecomewealthier.He’sjustjealous!” “Denniscontinuedtochopdowntrees.Smallanimalsthatreliedonthemforfoodandshelterweredestroyed.Hewassoeagertoexpandhisfarmthathedidnotnoticetheriverflowingslowlytowardshisdoor.Hedidnotnoticesaltseeping(渗透)tothesurfaceoftheland.Hedidnotnoticeswampplantschokingallthenativeplants.”“Whathappened?”Martinasked.Itwasgrowingcolder.Hetrembled,twistinghisbodyclosertothefire. “Thelandhitback—justastheoldmanwarned,”Jackshrugged.“Dennisdisappeared.Oldfolksaroundherebelievethatswampplantsmovedupfromtheriveranddraggedhimunderwater.Hisbodywasneverfound.”“Whatastupidstory,”laughedTom.“Plantscan’t...”Beforehehadfinishedspeaking,hescreamedandfainted.Theothertwoboysjumpedupwithfright,staringatTom.Suddenly,theyburstoutlaughing.Somegreenswampivy(常春藤)hadcoveredTom’sface.ItwasawhilebeforeTomcouldappreciatethejoke.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了一块地是如何受到Dennis过度开发而变成沼泽地的,同时也告诉我们贪多必失的道理。 1.Theunderlinedword“dare”inParagraph1isclosedinmeaningto_______.A.courageB.assistanceC.instructionD.challenge【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Thelightfromthecampfire...Itwasastrangeplace.”(来自篝火的光……这是一个奇怪的地方。)可知,Martin和Tom希望他们没有接受Jack的这个挑战。故画线单词意为挑战。 2.WhydidTomscreamandfaint?A.HesawDennis’sshadow.B.Hewasscaredbyaplant.C.Hisfriendsplayedajokeonhim.D.Theweatherbecameextremelycold.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“SomegreenswampivyhadcoveredTom’sface.”一些绿色的常青藤遮住了Tom的脸。可知,Tom尖叫和晕倒的原因是他被常春藤吓到了。 3.WhatlessoncanwelearnfromthestoryofDennis?A.Graspall,loseall.B.Nosweat,nosweet.C.Hewhomakesnomistakesmakesnothing.D.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.【解析】选A。推理判断题。纵观全文可知,Dennis不顾一切地垦荒和对种植更多庄稼的贪婪之心,结局却是被水中植物拽入水中,一无所得。 B(2021·邢台高二检测)Globalwarmingistheincreaseoftheearth’saveragesurfacetemperatureduetotheeffectofgreenhousegases,forexample,carbondioxide,whichtrapheatthatwouldotherwiseescapefromtheearth.Afterthetreesarecutdownandmoregreenhousegasesarereleased,the“blanket”aroundtheearthcalledtheozonelayer (臭氧层),willgetthicker.Thiscatchesmoreheatandmakestheearthhotter.Luckily,therearemanythingsthateverycitizenoftheearthcandotohelpreducetheeffectsofglobalwarming,andit’snevertoolateortooearlyforchildrentotakeaction. Thechildrenshouldlearnwhatacarbonfootprintis.Acarbonfootprintistheamountofcarbonandgreenhousegasespeoplemakeastheyleadthedailylifeandgoaboutthenormalactivities.Inotherwords,thecarbonfootprintisameasureoftheenvironmentalimpact(冲击)thelifehas.Toliveanenvironmentallyfriendlylifethatdoesn’tcontributetoglobalwarming,peoplewanttohavethesmallestcarbonfootprintpossible. Almosteverythingpeopledocontributestoglobalwarmingandisrelatedtofossilfuelconsumption.Thesecanbedirectusesoffossilfuels,likeridinginagasoline-poweredcar,orindirectcontributionstogreenhousegases,suchaseatingfruitorvegetablesthathadtobeshippedfromfarwaytoreachtheirtables. Ifachildwantstomakeacontributiontoreducingglobalwarming,heshouldrideabicycletothenearpark,school,hisfriend’shouse,oranywhereelseinsteadoftakingthecar.Orhemaytrytowalkorjog,whichisalsohelpful.Inaddition,althoughtrainsandbusesoftenrunonfossilfuels,onaverage,eachpersonuseslessenergyandproduceslesspollutiontorun.Nexttimeifchildrenwiththeirparentshavetogetaroundtownorit’stoofartowalkorbike,takethebusorotherpublictransportationinsteadofaskingforaride. 【文章大意】本文是议论文。文章提出,全球在变暖,每个人都可以做很多事情来帮助减少全球变暖的影响,孩子也可以做到。要减缓全球变暖,就要尽可能地减少碳足迹,通过不吃从很远的地方运来的水果蔬菜、骑车、步行或乘坐公共交通,孩子也能为减缓全球变暖做出贡献。 4.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Abriefdescriptionofcarbonfootprint.B.Theseriouswaterpollution.C.Theprotectionofozonelayer.D.Thecausesofglobalwarming. 【解析】选D。段落大意题。根据第一段“Globalwarmingistheincreaseoftheearth’saveragesurfacetemperatureduetotheeffectofgreenhousegases”可知,作者一开始提出:全球变暖是由于温室气体的影响而导致地球平均表面温度的升高;接下来举例说明,如果树木被砍伐,地球臭氧层会变厚,地球温度会升高。因此该段是说明全球变暖的原因。 5.Whichofthefollowingcandescribethecarbonfootprint?A.Useless.B.Expensive.C.Helpful.D.Attractive.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段“Inotherwords,thecarbonfootprint...carbonfootprintpossible.”可知,碳足迹可以帮助衡量我们的生活方式是否环保。 6.Whatcankidsdoiftheywanttohelpreduceglobalwarming?A.Gotothenearparkbybus.B.Walkorcycleasmuchaspossible.C.Keepstayingathomeorschool.D.Goaroundthetownwithparentsbycar.【解析】选B。.细节理解题。根据第四段“Ifachildwantsto...insteadoftakingthecar.”可知,如果孩子们想帮助减缓全球变暖,他们会尽可能多走路或骑自行车。 7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhatCanPeopleDotoUseLessEnergy?B.HowCanKidsHelpReduceGlobalWarming?C.HowDoesCarbonFootprintsMeasurePollution?D.WhyGlobalWarmingAffectsHumans’Life? 【解析】选B。主旨大意题。文章在第一段“thereare...totakeaction.幸运的是,地球上的每个公民都可以做很多事情来帮助减缓全球变暖的影响,孩子们采取行动永远都不会太迟或太早。”以及下文主要围绕孩子可以做哪些事情来减缓全球变暖的影响。由此可知,HowCanKidsHelpReduceGlobalWarming?适合作本文标题。 Ⅱ.阅读填句根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Schoolsconsumealargeamountofenergy,whichhasabadeffectontheenvironment.1,therearelotsofwaysthatyoucanhelpyourschoolsaveenergy.Lookforsimplechangesyourschoolcanmakeandbandtogetherwithotherstomakeanevenbiggereffect. 2.Evensomethingassimpleasturningoffthelightswhenyouleavearoomcanhelptosaveenergy.Turnoffthelightsinclassroomsthatarenotbeingusedandinotherareas,suchasemptybathroomsandunoccupiedmulti-purposerooms.Usenaturallightwhenthesunisbright.Itmaynotalwaysbenecessaryforyoutohavethelightsoninyourclassroom.Theremaybetimesofdaywhenthesunisespeciallybrightandenoughforwhatyouaredoinginyourclassroom.3. Setuparecyclingstationatyourschool.Recyclingisagreatwaytosaveenergybecauseitreducestheneedtoproducenewmaterials.4,thenaskyourschoolprincipalifyoucansetoneup.Getothersinvolved.5.Eitherasanindividualorasateam,youcancreateandputupsignsaroundyourschool.Tryusingsignsthatremindpeopleofthingstheycandotosaveenergyandalsosomesignsthatraiseawarenessofsavingenergy. A.PostsignsaboutconservingenergyB.WhetheryouareateacherorastudentC.IfyourschooldoesnothaveoneD.Turnoffyourcomputerwhenit’snotusedE.ShutdownthelightswhenroomsarenotinuseF.OthertimesofdayyoumightonlyneedhalfofthelightsG.Ifyourschool’sgarbagecompanyoffersrecyclingservices【文章大意】本文是说明文,从四个方面阐述学生在校园里如何节约能源、保护环境。 1.【解析】选B。考查上下文的衔接。根据句子的结构判断,此处是一个从句,七个选项中只有B、C和G三个选项符合要求。根据语境可知,此处表示“不管你是老师还是学生,总有许多可以帮助你的学校节约能源的方法”。故答案为B。2.【解析】选E。考查段落主题句。本段主要讲述在离开教室等地方的时候关灯以便节约能源。本段中的一些提示词,如“turningoffthelights”“Turnoffthelights”等也暗示了本题的答案。【方法技巧】阅读填句侧重考查文章的语篇结构和逻辑关系,通过相应段落中一些复现的提示词确定答案是做题时一个常用而有效的方法。 3.【解析】选F。考查细节支撑句。本段主要讲述当教室内光线充足时使用自然光。空前句子中的“timesofday”与F项中的“Othertimesofday”形成对应关系。4.【解析】选C。考查上下文的衔接。本段谈论在学校内设置回收站回收可循环使用的材料。C选项中的one指代主题句中的arecyclingstation。5.【解析】选A。考查承上启下句。根据下文的“putupsigns”“usingsigns”“somesigns”等提示词可以判断答案为A。 Ⅲ.完形填空InOctober2015,ShahbeganpickinguprubbishfromthebeacheverySundaymorning.Atfirst,itwasjusthimandaneighbor,andthenhebegan1otherstojoinin.Wordspreadandwithhelpfromsocialmedia,morevolunteersgotinvolved. Shahhasn’tstoppedsince.He’snowspent209weekends2tothismission,inspiringmorethan200,0003tojoinhiminwhat’sbeencalledtheworld’sbiggestbeachcleanup.ByOctober2018,VersovaBeachwas4cleanandShah’scleanupsexpandedtoanother5aswellasastretchoftheMithiRiverandotherregionsofIndia.ForShah,theworkhasalwaysbeenapersonaljourney,butithasearned6attention.Afterhewas7asaChampionoftheEarthbytheUnitedNationsin2016,Bollywoodcelebritiesandpoliticiansacceptedhismissionandjoinedinhiscleanups. Today,Shahisalsoworkingwithcoastalcommunitiesto8plasticpollutionatoneofthesources.Inareaslackingwastemanagementsystems,rubbishoftenendsupinstreamsandriversthatemptyintothe9.Shahandhisvolunteers10andassistvillagersinreducing,managingandrecyclingtheirplasticwaste. “Thisworld11toomuch.Ithinkyoumusttalklessanddoaction12,”hesaid.“Everycitizenonthisplanetmustbeinforalongpull.Ifeelthe13todosomethingformyplanet,sothiswill14forlife.Ifeachonecouldstart,thisjourneycouldbecome15.Canwedoittogether?”【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了“地球卫士”沙阿和他的海滩清理行动,他的事迹激励了无数人参与到这项环保运动中来。 1.A.askingB.orderingC.warningD.forcing【解析】选A。句意:然后他开始邀请其他人加入。空前说起初,只有沙阿和他的一个邻居在海滩上捡垃圾,空后说更多的志愿者参与进来,因此后来沙阿开始邀请其他人加入到捡垃圾的活动中。 2.A.comparedB.adaptedC.relatedD.devoted【解析】选D。句意:现在他已经花了209个周末致力于这项工作,激励了超过20万名志愿者加入到他的队伍中,这被称为世界上最大的海滩清理行动。空前说沙阿从此就没有停止过,因此他已经花了209个周末致力于这项工作。comparedto比作;adaptedto适应于;relatedto涉及;devotedto致力于、献身于。故D项正确。 3.A.workersB.volunteersC.journalistsD.clerks【解析】选B。根据上文中的“volunteers”可知,参与海滩清理行动的人都是志愿者,故B项正确。 4.A.originallyB.finallyC.suddenlyD.theoretically【解析】选B。句意:到2018年10月,维索瓦海滩终于清理干净,沙阿的清理范围扩大到另一个海滩以及米提河和印度其他地区。根据上文中的“InOctober2015”及空前的“ByOctober2018”可知,此处说的是三年的清理工作取得的成果——维索瓦海滩终于被清理干净了。故B项正确。 5.A.parkB.bankC.beachD.market【解析】选C。根据上文中的“theworld’sbiggestbeachcleanup”可知,这项活动被称为世界上最大的海滩清理行动,因此清理完维索瓦海滩的垃圾后沙阿和他的小伙伴们又转向其他的海滩,故C项正确。 6.A.globalB.localC.nationalD.coastal【解析】选A。根据上文中的“theworld’sbiggestbeachcleanup”可知,沙阿的清理行动被称为世界上最大的海滩清理行动,空后又说2016年他被联合国授予“地球卫士”称号,这说明沙阿的海滩清理行动赢得了全球的关注,故A项正确。 7.A.describedB.honoredC.opposedD.elected【解析】选B。句意:2016年沙阿被联合国授予“地球卫士”称号后,宝莱坞名流和政界人士接受(认可)了他的工作,也加入到(海滩)清理行动中。根据空后的“aChampionoftheEarth”可知,沙阿被联合国授予“地球卫士”称号。described描述;honored给……以荣誉;opposed反对;elected选举。故B项正确。 8.A.makeB.discussC.throwD.handle【解析】选D。句意:现在,沙阿还与沿海社区合作,从源头上解决塑料污染问题。根据空后的“plasticpollutionatoneofthesources”可知,沙阿与沿海社区合作从源头上解决塑料污染问题。handle处理、解决,故D项正确。 9.A.oceanB.factoryC.mountainD.forest【解析】选A。根据空前的“rubbishoftenendsupinstreamsandriversthatemptyinto”可知,垃圾经常被排放到小溪和河流中,而这些小溪和河流往往流入海洋,故A项正确。 10.A.protectB.controlC.scoldD.educate【解析】选D。根据空后的“andassistvillagersinreducing,managingandrecyclingtheirplasticwaste”可知,沙阿和他的志愿者教育和帮助村民减少、管理和回收他们的塑料垃圾。protect保护;control控制;scold责骂;educate教育。故D项正确。 11.A.talksB.complainsC.thinksD.argues【解析】选A。句意:这个世界(的人们)往往说得太多了,我认为你应该少说空话,多做实事。根据空后的“talkless”可知此处指“说得太多”,故A项正确。 12.A.earlierB.fasterC.moreD.better【解析】选C。此处与前面的“talkless”相对,指“多做事”,故C项正确。 13.A.pityB.needC.painD.effect【解析】选B。句意:我觉得有必要为我们的地球做点什么,而且我会终身致力于这项工作。根据空后的“dosomethingformyplanet”可知,沙阿觉得他有必要为地球做点什么,故B项正确。 14.A.comeonB.getonC.lookonD.goon【解析】选D。根据空后的“forlife”可知,沙阿会终身致力于这项工作。comeon快点;geton上车;lookon看待;goon继续。故D项正确。 15.A.greatB.complexC.completeD.difficult【解析】选A。根据空前的“Ifeachonecouldstart”可知,如果每个人都能参与进来,这个旅程将会变得更美妙。great重大的、极好的;complex复杂的;complete完整的;difficult困难的。故A项正确。 【补偿训练】语法填空(2021·济南高二检测)Naturalherbalmedicineshavebeenapartofthemedicineworldforalongtime,anddifferentcultureshaveusedthemin1.________(variety)ways.Manypeopleusethemfortherapeutic(治疗的)purposes2.________formedicinalpurposes.Theuseofherbsiswidelyknowntobesafebecausetheingredientsarenaturalandthereforehaveveryfewsideeffectswhenthey3.________(take). Themainpurposeofnaturalherbalmedicinesistohelpthebodyreturntoitsnormalstatesothatitcanberestored4.________(complete).Differentherbswhentakenwillworkdifferentlyinthebodysystemandthereforebringthedesirablehealingeffects.Theyworkby5.________(make)theimmunesystemfunctionwellandalsopromotethewell-beingofthebodybeforeanyillness6.________(set)in.Additionally,naturalherbalmedicinescanreduceanxiety,depression,exhaustion,stress,etc,astheyhelpyour7.________(nerve)calmdown. Despitemanyadvantagesofnaturalherbalmedicines,youshouldtakesomething8.________considerationwhenyouusethem.Forinstance,don’tusethemincases9.________theconventionaldrugsaresupposedtobeused.It’simportanttoseekmedicaladvicebeforetakinganyherbaldrugs10.________(avoid)anyharmfuleffectsonthebody.Moreover,it’salsogoodtoconsultyourdoctortogetthecorrectamountandalsotheexacttypeofdrugfortheparticulardiseaseyouhave. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了天然药草的优点。天然药草可以帮助我们保持身体健康,也可以治愈一些疾病,还能缓解精神压力,且天然草药副作用小。但是我们不能确定用药剂量,也不知道该怎样对症下药,所以最好是先咨询医生。 1.【解析】various。考查形容词。修饰后文名词ways应用形容词,表示“各种各样的”。故填various。2.【解析】or/and。考查连词。句意:许多人把它们用于治疗或/和医疗目的。结合句意可知表示“或者”或“和”应用连词or或and。故填or/and。3.【解析】aretaken。考查动词时态和语态。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,且描述客观事实用一般现在时,主语为they,谓语动词应用复数形式。故填aretaken。4.【解析】completely。考查副词。修饰上文动词restored应用副词completely,表示“完全地”。故填completely。 5.【解析】making。考查非谓语动词。by为介词,后跟动名词作宾语,故填making。6.【解析】sets。考查主谓一致。在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中,从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时态。此处主语为illness是单数形式,谓语动词也应用单数形式。故填sets。7.【解析】nerves。考查名词的数。nerve表示“神经”,为可数名词,此处前面没有冠词故应用复数形式。故填nerves。 8.【解析】into。考查介词。根据短语takesth.intoconsideration表示“考虑某事;将某事考虑进去”,故填into。9.【解析】where。考查定语从句。本句为定语从句修饰先行词cases,cases在从句中表示模糊化的地点,用关系副词where。故填where。10.【解析】toavoid。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知avoid在句中作非谓语动词,且此处动词不定式表示目的,作目的状语。故填toavoid。 【方法技巧】定语从句中的关系词选择,可考虑以下几点:1.看清楚先行词的意义,就是理清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点、原因。指物时不能用who或whom,指人时通常不用which等。2.看清楚关系词的句法功能,就是理清关系词是担任什么句子成分,是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等。作定语通常用whose,有时也用which。作状语要用when,where,why。3.看清楚定语从句的种类,就是理清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。that、why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。 4.看清楚文体,就是理清是正式文体,还是非正式文体。是书面语体还是口语体。如第9小题,本句为定语从句修饰先行词cases,cases在从句中表示模糊化的地点,用关系副词where。故填where。 您好，谢谢观看！ 本课结束
